Bubble cloud depth under a hurricane

Wang, D. W.; Wijesekera, H. W.; Teague, William J.; Rogers, W. Erick; Jarosz, Ewa

doi:10.1029/2011gl047966

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Of the 41 stations, LIS1012 was most similar to the Oban station in terms of mean depth, fetch, and current velocity. U10-bubble depth regressions at shelf and oceanic sites have shown relatively good correlation and a well-defined U10 threshold at which deep bubble entrainment begins [37,49,50]. LIS1011 is geomorphology similar to these open-water stations and showed a comparable U10-bubble depth relationship.…”

Section: Geophysical Controls On Bubble Plumesmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…This study used acoustic methods of bubble detection developed in prior research [35,41,[48][49][50]57] to compile one of the most extensive datasets of its kind. Collectively, these data amount to six years (2160 deployment days) of ADCP measurements that were gathered during two decades of NOAA current surveys.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Vagle et al [49] and Wang et al [50] deployed acoustic instruments in continental shelf waters to characterize the static bubble cloud that persists below the water surface due to wave breaking during storms. These studies provided new data on bubble plumes that are key to understanding gas-transfer velocities at high wind speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bubble Clouds in Coastal Waters and Their Role in Air-Water Gas Exchange of CO2

Crosswell

2015

JMSE

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Abstract:Bubbles generated by breaking waves can drive significant gas exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, but the role of bubble-mediated gas transfer in estuaries is unknown. Here, backscatter data from 41 acoustic Doppler current profiler stations was analyzed to assess subsurface bubble distributions in nine estuaries along the U.S. East and Gulf Coast. Wind speed, wind direction, and current velocity were the dominant controls on bubble entrainment, but the relative importance of these physical drivers depended on local geomorphology. Bubble entrainment in high-current or shallow, long-fetch estuaries began at wind speeds <5 m s −1. In deep or fetch-limited estuaries, bubble entrainment was less frequent and generally began at higher wind speeds. Data observed during several storms suggests that episodic bubble-driven gas exchange may be an important component of annual CO2 fluxes in large, shallow estuaries but would be less significant in other coastal systems.

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Section: Geophysical Controls On Bubble Plumesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bubble Clouds in Coastal Waters and Their Role in Air-Water Gas Exchange of CO2

Crosswell

2015

JMSE

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“…Thorpe et al 2003;Baschek and Farmer 2010). The backscattering strength caused by the presence of such bubbles has been observed to generally decrease linearly with depth (Thorpe 1986;Vagle et al 2010;Wang et al 2011). Assuming that this is correct, the second step of the processing procedure qualifies all data as bubble effects which are located from the near-surface to depths where the absolute vertical gradient of the highest-frequency backscatter is still larger than the assumed constant threshold during all experiments.…”

Section: Cross-beam Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-frequency ADCPs measuring turbidity

Jourdin

Tessier²,

Hir

et al. 2014

Geo-Mar Lett

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A pair of self-contained acoustic Doppler current profilers (SC-ADCPs) operating with different frequencies were moored on a muddy sea bottom at about 20 m depth in the Bay of Vilaine off the French Atlantic coast. With their acoustic beams oriented upwards, the SC-ADCPs ensonified most of the water column. The results of several months of in situ recorded echo intensity data spanning 2 years (2003 to 2004) from the dual-frequency ADCPs are presented in this paper. The aim was to estimate suspended particle mass concentration and mean size. A concentration index CI is proposed for the estimation of particle concentration. Based on theory the CI-unlike the volume backscatter strength-does not depend on particle size. Compared with in situ optical data, the CI shows reasonable precision but not increased with respect to that of the highest-frequency backscatter strength. Concerning the mean particle size, despite a lack of quantitative validation with optical particle-size measurements, the method yielded a qualitative discrimination of mineral (small) and organic (large) particles. This supports the potential of dual-frequency ADCPs to quantitatively determine particle size. A cross-calibration of the transducers of each ADCP shows that a specific component of the precision of the backscatter strength measured by ADCP depends on the acoustic frequency, the cell thickness and the ensemble integration time. Based on these results, the use of two ADCPs operating with distinctly different frequencies (two octaves apart) or a single dual-frequency ADCP is recommended.

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“…Modern broadband ADCPs use four different transducers to calculate Doppler shift travel time, using horizontal homogeneity as a basic assumption with counterposed trans-ducers measuring the same flow. However, ADCPs have also been used when that assumption does not hold, as in turbulent flows (Nystrom et al, 2007;Sousa, 2007), in CH 4 plumes (Linke et al, 2010) and for underwater bubble detection (Wang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow-water gaseohydrothermal plume studies after massive eruption at Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy

Tudino

Bortoluzzi

Aliani

2014

Journal of Marine Systems

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Marine water dynamics in the near field of a massive gas eruption near Panarea (Aeolian Islands volcanic arc, SE Tyrrhenian Sea) is described. ADCP current-meters were deployed during the paroxysmal phase in 2002 and 2003 a few meters from the degassing vent, recording day-long timeseries. Datasets were sorted to remove errors and select good quality ensembles over the entire water column. Standard deviation of error velocity was considered a proxy for inhomogeneous velocity fields over beams. Timeseries intervals had been selected when the basic ADCP assumptions were fulfilled and random errors minimized. Backscatter data were also processed to identify bubbles in the water column with the aim of locating bubble-free ensembles. Reliable timeseries are selected combining these data. Two possible scenarios have been described: firstly, a high dynamic situation with visible surface diverging rings of waves, entrainment on the lower part of the gas column, detrainment in the upper part and a stagnation line (SL) at mid depth where currents were close to zero and most of the gas bubbles spread laterally; secondly, a lower dynamic situation with water entraining into the gas plume at all depths and no surface rings of diverging waves. Reasons for these different dynamics may be ascribed to changes in gas fluxes (one order of magnitude higher in 2002). Description of SL is important to quantify its position in the water column and timing for entrainment-detrainment, and it can be measured by ADCP and calculated from models.

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Bubble cloud depth under a hurricane

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Bubble Clouds in Coastal Waters and Their Role in Air-Water Gas Exchange of CO2

Bubble Clouds in Coastal Waters and Their Role in Air-Water Gas Exchange of CO2

Dual-frequency ADCPs measuring turbidity

Shallow-water gaseohydrothermal plume studies after massive eruption at Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy

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