Bubble formation with pool boiling on tubes with or without basic surface modifications for enhancement

Bubble nucleation characteristics in pool boiling of a wetting liquid on smooth and rough surfaces

“…Recently, Kothoff and Gorenflo (2009) studied the effects of surface roughness and tube diameter on nucleation site density and heat transfer coefficient in pool boiling of various refrigerants and organic liquids from copper tubes. They confirmed previous findings (Gorenflo, et al 2004) that active site densities integrated over time are higher than those apparent over only a few ebullition periods. Together with the surface analysis described by Luke (2009), they concluded that surface roughness descriptions based upon height parameters cannot be used to accurately predict the influence of surface roughness on boiling heat transfer.…”

“…The instantaneous number of active sites N A,i captured by a still frame was generally not as high as the total, cumulative number of sites N A,cum that were active at least once over several departure periods (Gorenflo, et al 2004, Pinto, et al 1996. Therefore five frames chosen arbitrarily, representing a time increment much greater than one bubble departure period, were studied in detail using the pixel-logging technique described earlier.…”

Boiling phenomena with surfactants and polymeric additives: A state-of-the-art review

“…Over the past decades, a great amount of research on pool boiling and flow boiling has been carried out to understand the fundamental aspect of boiling phenomena and to provide practical knowledge for the engineering design requirements in various industries. Several mechanisms and theories of boiling phenomena have been developed and the mechanisms are not fully understood yet and still under discussion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Boiling is a complex and elusive process.…”

Design and realization of micro structured surfaces for thermodynamic applications

“…A lot of researches have been carried out in the last years to describe the heat transfer phenomena and possibilities to enhance the heat transfer efficiency of heating surfaces (Bergles 1997;Kandlikar 2002;Gorenflo et al 2004;Kotthoff et al 2006;Kim and Kim 2009). Especially for electronic cooling convection and nucleate boiling processes are in focus of interest (Honda and Wei 2003;Honda and Wei 2004;Muzychka 2005;Ndao et al 2009).…”