“…The literature on bubble formation in commodities and asset markets is often built on Phillips et al's (2013Phillips et al's ( , 2015 theoretical works. Several studies, in addition to identifying multiple bubble episodes, have tried to identify the events leading to the formation of the commodity and asset price bubbles (see Balcilar et al, 2014;Caspi et al, 2014;Floros & Galyfianakis, 2020;Gronwald, 2016;Khan, Su, & Rehman, 2021;Li et al, 2022;Liu & Lee, 2018;Su et al, 2017Su et al, , 2020Umar et al, 2021;Yang et al, 2021). Some of the studies in this area have found that economic policy uncertainty has an asymmetric effect on energy consumption, meaning that adverse changes in uncertainty have a larger impact than positive changes (Sarker et al, 2023).…”