Sonochemistry,
the use of sound waves, usually within the ultrasonic
range (>20 kHz), to boost or alter chemical properties and reactivity
constitutes a long-standing and sustainable technique that has, however,
received less attention than other activation protocols despite affordable
setups. Even if unnecessary to underline the impact of ultrasound-based
strategies in a broad range of chemical and biological applications,
there is considerable misunderstanding and pitfalls regarding the
interpretation of cavitational effects and the actual role played
by the acoustic field. In this Perspective, with an eye on mechanisms
in particular, we discuss the potentiality of sonochemistry in synthetic organic chemistry through
selected examples of past and recent developments. Such examples illustrate
specific controlling effects and working rules. Looking back at the
past while looking forward to advancing the field, some essentials
of sonochemical activation will be distilled.