Buccal absorption of diazepam is improved when administered in bioadhesive tablets—An in vivo study in conscious Göttingen mini-pigs

An overview of polymeric dosage forms in buccal drug delivery: State of art, design of formulations and their in vivo performance evaluation

“…Meng-Lund et al [73] prepareded co-spray-dried particles of chitosan and diazepam. Then, particles and excipients were direct compressed using a circular tablet punch with a diameter of 6 mm.…”

In vitro dissolution/release methods for mucosal delivery systems

“…Conventional paddle apparatus (Apparatus 2; Figure 2a) with 900 ml of the dissolution media stirred at 50 rpm has been occasionally used for the in vitro release testing from buccal tablets [30], sublingual formulations [31], vaginal tablets [32] and self-microemulsifying rectal suppositories [33]. According to the monographs and methods published by USP, Ph.…”

Determination of minimal steady‐state plasma level of diazepam causing seizure threshold elevation in rats

“…Alternative, more convenient or more rapidly acting formulations intended for other routes of administration could replace the rectal formulation in managing acute and repetitive seizure attacks, provided they deliver adequate levels of diazepam required for antiseizure activity . Intranasal and buccal formulations have been investigated …”

“…8 Intranasal and buccal formulations have been investigated. 9,10 Although diazepam has been used clinically for more than 50 years and its pharmacokinetic properties have been studied extensively in preclinical and clinical studies, 11 little information exists on the minimal blood concentration required for its antiseizure effect. In experimental studies in animal models, diazepam is typically administered by bolus and the levels fall rapidly during the time of antiseizure testing.…”