Bucher et al. Personality traits and treatment outcomes meta-analysis

Bucher, Meredith A.; Suzuki, Takakuni; Samuel, Douglas B.

doi:10.31219/osf.io/3ezhc

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The results of this study add to a growing body of literature highlighting differences in attitudes of obstetric and neonatal health care professionals involved in the complex scenario of extremely preterm birth. [24][25][26] Similar to previous research, our findings suggest that some obstetricians may be less inclined toward intervention at the extremes of viability than some neonatologists, potentially as this area of care is less visible to obstetricians than neonatologists. 27,28 As with previous research by some of us, we identified a more interventionalist approach among some neonatal nurses, potentially reflecting a gradual integration and acceptance of advanced medical technology that now forms part of the routine care of extremely preterm infants.…”

Section: Jama Network Open | Pediatricssupporting

confidence: 84%

Attitudes About Extremely Preterm Birth Among Obstetric and Neonatal Health Care Professionals in England

et al. 2022

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ImportanceVariation in attitudes between health care professionals involved in the counseling of parents facing extremely preterm birth (&lt;24 wk gestational age) may lead to parental confusion and professional misalignment.ObjectiveTo explore the attitudes of health care professionals involved in the counseling of parents facing preterm birth on the treatment of extremely preterm infants.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study used Q methods to explore the attitudes of neonatal nurses, neonatologists, midwives, and obstetricians involved in the care of extremely preterm infants in 4 UK National Health Service perinatal centers between February 10, 2020, and April 30, 2021. Each participating center had a tertiary level neonatal unit and maternity center. Individuals volunteered participation through choosing to complete the study following a presentation by researchers at each center. A link to the online Q study was emailed to all potential participants by local principal investigators. Participants ranked 53 statements about the treatment of extremely preterm infants in an online quasi-normal distribution grid from strongly agree (6) to strongly disagree (−6).Main Outcomes and MeasuresDistinguishing factors per professional group (representing different attitudes) identified through by-person factor analysis of Q sort-data were the primary outcome. Areas of shared agreement (consensus) between professional groups were also explored. Q sorts achieving a factor loading of greater than 0.46 (P &lt; .01) on a given factor were included.ResultsIn total, 155 health care professionals volunteered participation (128 [82.6%] women; mean [SD] age, 41.6 [10.2] years, mean [SD] experience, 14.1 [9.6] years). Four distinguishing factors were identified between neonatal nurses, 3 for midwives, 5 for neonatologists, and 4 for obstetricians. Analysis of factors within and between professional groups highlighted significant variation in attitudes of professionals toward parental engagement in decision-making, the perceived importance of potential disability in decision-making, and the use of medical technology. Areas of consensus highlighted that most professionals disagreed with statements suggesting disability equates to reduced quality of life. The statement suggesting the parents’ decision was considered the most important when considering neonatal resuscitation was placed in the neutral (middistribution) position by all professionals.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this qualitative study suggest that parental counseling at extremely low gestations is a complex scenario further complicated by the differences in attitudes within and between professional disciplines toward treatment approaches. The development of multidisciplinary training encompassing all professional groups may facilitate a more consistent and individualized approach toward parental engagement in decision-making.

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Section: Jama Network Open | Pediatricssupporting

confidence: 84%

Attitudes About Extremely Preterm Birth Among Obstetric and Neonatal Health Care Professionals in England

et al. 2022

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“…The shape of the resulting leakage spectrum can be expressed as a kind of convolution between the harmonic coefficients of the crossing moment maps and of the dust component map (see Ref. [33] for an analytical explanation of this power law). This spectral shape is problematic on very large scales, for example near the reionization bump, because the ratio of the bandpass mismatch to the white noise component of the detector noise (having an η ≈ 0 spectrum) increases toward lower multipole number .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bandpass mismatch error for satellite CMB experiments I: estimating the spurious signal

Hoang

Patanchon

Bucher

et al. 2017

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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Future Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) satellite missions aim to use the B mode polarization to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio r with a sensitivity σ r < ∼ 10 −3 . Achieving this goal will not only require sufficient detector array sensitivity but also unprecedented control of all systematic errors inherent to CMB polarization measurements. Since polarization measurements derive from differences between observations at different times and from different sensors, detector response mismatches introduce leakages from intensity to polarization and thus lead to a spurious B mode signal. Because the expected primordial B mode polarization signal is dwarfed by the known unpolarized intensity signal, such leakages could contribute substantially to the final error budget for measuring r. Using simulations we estimate the magnitude and angular spectrum of the spurious B mode signal resulting from bandpass mismatch between different detectors. It is assumed here that the detectors are calibrated, for example using the CMB dipole, so that their sensitivity to the primordial CMB signal has been perfectly matched. Consequently the mismatch in the frequency bandpass shape between detectors introduces differences in the relative calibration of galactic emission components. We simulate this effect using a range of scanning patterns being considered for future satellite missions. We find that the spurious contribution to r from reionization bump on large angular scales ( < 10) is ≈ 10 −3 assuming large detector arrays and 20 percent of the sky masked. We show how the amplitude of the leakage depends on the angular coverage per pixels that results from the scan pattern. IntroductionMeasurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) provide a rich data set for studying cosmology and astrophysics and for placing stringent constraints on cosmological models. In particular, the ESA Planck satellite mission has produced full sky maps in both temperature and polarization at unprecedented sensitivity in nine broad (∆ν/ν ≈ 0.3) microwave frequency bands [1].Conventional cosmological models predict that the CMB is linearly polarized, so that the fourth Stokes parameter V vanishes. CMB polarization patterns can be decomposed in two components known as the E and B modes, respectively of even and odd parity. In linear cosmological perturbation theory, scalar perturbations produce E mode polarization but are unable to produce any B mode polarization at linear order. The E mode polarization angular power spectrum can be predicted from a model fitted to the measured T anisotropies. The WMAP [2] and Planck [3] space missions, complemented on smaller angular scales by ACT [4] and SPT [5], have already measured the E mode polarization power spectrum up to high multipole number , even if the accuracy of the measurement can still be substantially improved. On the other hand, the odd parity (or pseudo-scalar) polarization pattern called the B mode arises either from primordial tensor perturbations, or equivalently primordial gravitational wa...

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“…= 3 MeV; with a recent experiment, measured energies are now extending down to the Gamow window. At typical carbon shell burning temperatures, T = 1.1 − 1.3 GK, the uncertainty is less than 40%, and reduced to 20% at T = 1.9 − 2.1 GK, which is relevant for explosive C burning (Bucher et al 2015).…”

Section: Uncertainties In the Relevant Reaction Ratesmentioning

confidence: 95%

The radioactive nuclei and in the Cosmos and in the solar system

Diehl

Lugaro

Heger

et al. 2021

Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust.

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The cosmic evolution of the chemical elements from the Big Bang to the present time is driven by nuclear fusion reactions inside stars and stellar explosions. A cycle of matter recurrently re-processes metal-enriched stellar ejecta into the next generation of stars. The study of cosmic nucleosynthesis and this matter cycle requires the understanding of the physics of nuclear reactions, of the conditions at which the nuclear reactions are activated inside the stars and stellar explosions, of the stellar ejection mechanisms through winds and explosions, and of the transport of the ejecta towards the next cycle, from hot plasma to cold, star-forming gas. Due to the long timescales of stellar evolution, and because of the infrequent occurrence of stellar explosions, observational studies are challenging, as they have biases in time and space as well as different sensitivities related to the various astronomical methods. Here, we describe in detail the astrophysical and nuclear-physical processes involved in creating two radioactive isotopes useful in such studies, $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ and $^{60}\mathrm{Fe}$ . Due to their radioactive lifetime of the order of a million years, these isotopes are suitable to characterise simultaneously the processes of nuclear fusion reactions and of interstellar transport. We describe and discuss the nuclear reactions involved in the production and destruction of $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ and $^{60}\mathrm{Fe}$ , the key characteristics of the stellar sites of their nucleosynthesis and their interstellar journey after ejection from the nucleosynthesis sites. This allows us to connect the theoretical astrophysical aspects to the variety of astronomical messengers presented here, from stardust and cosmic-ray composition measurements, through observation of $\gamma$ rays produced by radioactivity, to material deposited in deep-sea ocean crusts and to the inferred composition of the first solids that have formed in the Solar System. We show that considering measurements of the isotopic ratio of $^{26}\mathrm{Al}$ to $^{60}\mathrm{Fe}$ eliminate some of the unknowns when interpreting astronomical results, and discuss the lessons learned from these two isotopes on cosmic chemical evolution. This review paper has emerged from an ISSI-BJ Team project in 2017–2019, bringing together nuclear physicists, astronomers, and astrophysicists in this inter-disciplinary discussion.

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Bucher et al. Personality traits and treatment outcomes meta-analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 64 publications

Attitudes About Extremely Preterm Birth Among Obstetric and Neonatal Health Care Professionals in England

Attitudes About Extremely Preterm Birth Among Obstetric and Neonatal Health Care Professionals in England

Bandpass mismatch error for satellite CMB experiments I: estimating the spurious signal

The radioactive nuclei and in the Cosmos and in the solar system

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