Buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth: Good alternatives to nutritious food

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the amino acid profiles of wholegrain buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth proteins. The content and protein quality of these pseudocereals were compared mutually and with those of wholegrain wheat as a widespread cereal in human nutrition. Amaranth seeds showed the highest total amino acid (TAA) content, followed by wholegrain buckwheat and quinoa, which showed the lowest TAA content compared to the other two pseudocereals (180.85, 162.46 and 125.37 g per 100 g protein, respectively). The protein digestibility, protein efficiency ratio, protein chemical score and essential amino acid index of the pseudocereals under consideration ranged from 79. 25 -84.58 %, 2.9 -6.17 %, 16.24 -47.59, and 45.68 -68.36, respectively. The results obtained indicate that buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth are promising raw materials that can meet the daily requirements of most essential amino acids, and can be used for the development of a range of value-added bakery products. REZIMEPorast svesti ljudi o uvođenju zdravijih navika u ishrani doprinela je da potrošači zamene kaloričnu hranu sa funkcionalnom i hranom koja poseduje veću nutritivnu vrednost. Poslednjih godina naročito velika pažnja posvećena je unapređenju nutritvnog profila bezglutenskih proizvoda. Među pseudožitima, heljda, kinoa i amarantus privukli su najviše interesovanja imajući u vidu da ova pseudožita ne sadrže gluten, imaju visok sadržaj masnih kiselina, vitamina, minerala i prehrambenih vlakana. Osim navedenog, ona se smatraju nutritivno veoma bogatim sirovinama zbog visokog sadržaja proteina i dobro izbalansiranog profila aminokiselina. Istraživanja u okviru ovog rada bazirana su na karakterizaciji profila aminokiselina proteina heljde, kinoe i amarantusa. Sadržaj i kvalitet proteina ovih pseudožita upoređen je i sa istim parametrima određenim u integralnom pšeničnom brašnu. Za analizu aminokiselina korišćena je tehnika tečne hromatografije visoke rezolucije (HPLC). Najviši sadržaj aminokiselina određen je u amarantusu (180,85 g/100 g proteina) i heljdi (162,46 g/100 g proteina). Sadržaj aminokiselina u kinoi (125.37 g/100 g proteina) bio je značajno niži u poređenju sa druga dva pseudožita, ali nanivou sadržaja određenog u pšenici (134.20 g/100 g proteina). Svarljivost proteina, efikasnost proteina (PER), hemijski proteinski skor (CS) i indeks esencijalnih aminokiselina (EAAI) analiziranih pseudožita, heljde, kinoe i amarantusa, bio je u sledećim opsezima 79,25 -84,58%, 2,9 -6,17%, 16,24 -47,59 i 45,68 -68,36 Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da su heljda, kinoa i amarantus nutritivno vredne sirovine koje mogu da zadovolje dnevne potrebe za većinom esencijalnih aminokiselina, a kao takve mogu imati dobrobiti za zdravlje ljudi ukoliko se konzumiraju inkorporirane u različite prehrambene proizvode.

The Importance of Buckwheat as a Pseudocereal: Content and Stability of Its Main Bioactive Components

“…Buckwheat, along with other pseudocereals such as quinoa and amaranth, is recommended for use in creating new value-added bakery products because it can provide high levels of essential amino acids in the human diet [23].…”

Does the ultraviolet radiation affect the germination of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench seeds?

“…Nutritionally, it is distinguished from other cereals by the superior quality of its protein and the greater number of vitamins and minerals it contains (ŠKROBOT et al, 2019). In addition, its seeds do not contain gluten (GIMÉNEZ-BASTIDA; PISKUŁA; ZIELIŃSKI, 2015) and their starch content may exceed 70 percent of the total dry weight (ZHU, 2016).…”