Budd-Chiari Syndrome in a Patient With Simultaneous Diagnosis of Hepatic Sarcoidosis and Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia

Odah, Tarek; Al-Khazraji, Ahmed; Idriss, Rajab; Matthew, Morrow; Curry, Michael P.

doi:10.14309/crj.0000000000000200

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Some authors have also hypothesized the role of a vascular involvement by granulomatous phlebitis of the portal and hepatic veins in hepatic parenchyma ( 32 ). As well, Budd–Chiari syndrome or portal vein thrombosis can also be encountered in hepatic sarcoidosis, although their presence seems exceptional ( 33 – 35 ). Because of the small size of most studies, the prevalence of cirrhosis related PH varies a lot, from 27 to 100% ( 5 , 9 , 12 , 36 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic sarcoidosis with symptomatic portal hypertension: A report of 12 cases with review of the literature

et al. 2022

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IntroductionSarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatosis of unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of immune granulomas. Liver damage is a relatively common extra-pulmonary manifestation, occurring in 3.6–30% of cases. Some patients can develop symptomatic portal hypertension (PH). Few series have evaluated the prognosis of symptomatic PH as well as the efficacy and safety of specific treatment on this complication.MethodsThis is a multicenter retrospective study of cases of histologically proven hepatic sarcoidosis with symptomatic PH (ascites, digestive hemorrhage) and/or hepatic encephalopathy. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis, biological data, imaging study of the liver, treatment, and clinical outcomes were collected.ResultsTwelve patients were identified, with a mean follow-up of 140 months. The M/F ratio was 1 and Caucasian origin was the most represented (75%). Seven patients presented with hepatic comorbidities: metabolic syndrome, chronic alcoholism or chronic viral hepatitis. Apart from hepatic involvement, mediastino-pulmonary involvement was the most common followed by osteoarticular and skin. Liver damage was inaugural in two thirds of cases. Nine patients developed ascites, six presented esophageal varices complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding. Three patients presented with both ascites and variceal bleeding. One case of hepatic encephalopathy was observed. Five patients presented signs of hepatocellular insufficiency during follow-up, of whom three had hepatic comorbidities. Eight out of 12 patients required second-line treatment after failure of corticosteroids, three patients underwent ligation of esophageal varices but with recurrent digestive bleeding in all cases. Two patients benefited from a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), also with poor result. At the end of follow-up, five patients were alive and seven patients died. Two patients received a liver transplant, with good result and without recurrence of sarcoidosis on the transplant thereafter. Two patients had quiet sarcoidosis on low dose of corticosteroids and one patient was lost to follow-up.ConclusionSymptomatic PH related to hepatic sarcoidosis is a severe complication, with high morbidity and mortality, and frequent failure of specific treatments of PH. Early management of these patients, with detection of hepatic comorbidities seems important. In case of therapeutic failure, liver transplantation is an option to consider.

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