Buds and leaves in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): Phenology in relation to structure and development

Rajaei, Homa; Yazdanpanah, Parisa

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2015.05.002

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…There was a significant correlation (P = 0.02, Table 8) between leaf budding and anthesis, indicating that the ontogenetic stages were correlated for all varieties. Rajaei and Yazdanpanah (2015) also reported consistent phenology between leaf budding and anthesis over 2 years in the pomegranate variety Rabbab-e-Neyriz. In the present study, varieties with similar phenology were identified during the cluster analysis based on the means of leaf budding and anthesis (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Performance and Phytochemical Content of 22 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Varieties

Hooks¹,

Niu²,

Masabni³

et al. 2021

horts

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Pomegranate is a drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant crop. Its fruits contain high levels of phytochemicals that have many health benefits. Pomegranate has the potential to be an alternative crop in areas where water availability is limited, such as west Texas. However, more than 500 pomegranate varieties are estimated to exist worldwide, and little is known about which varieties are suitable for growing in the west Texas region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the field performance of 22 pomegranate varieties, specifically based on phenology, resistance to sunburn, fruit split, fruit rot (resistance was calculated by subtracting the percent incidence by 100), yield, fruit phytochemicals, and Brix over the course of 3 years from 2016 to 2018. Cold damage, caused by below-freezing temperatures encountered from Nov. 2018 to Feb. 2019, was also evaluated in Apr. 2019. Our results showed significant varietal differences in nearly all response variables measured, indicating that varietal selection is important for pomegranate production for specific regions, such as west Texas. Leaf budding ranged from 47 to 62 days in 2016, 41 to 54 days in 2017, and 49 to 60 days in 2018. Anthesis ranged from 87 to 119 days in 2016, 80 to 94 days in 2017, and 92 to 114 days in 2018. Fruit resistance to split was broad and ranged from 7.3% to 79.1% in 2017 and from 14.2% to 99.7% in 2018. Fruit sunburn resistance ranged from 14.0% to 64.6% in 2017 and from 28.3% to 90.0% in 2018. Fruit heart rot incidence was nominal for all varieties. Total phenolic compound contents of the pomegranate fruit juice ranged from 0.81 to 1.52 mg GAE/mL, and the total antioxidant capacity ranged from 3.44 to 6.81 mg TE/mL. The yield per tree ranged from 1.00 to 7.96 kg in 2017 and from 0.81 to 10.26 kg in 2018. Brix ranged from 12.5% to 17.4% in 2017 and from 13.9% to 18.4% in 2018. Early winter below-freezing temperatures caused different degrees of cold damage; however, 5 of 22 varieties that originated from Russia did not show any cold damage. Results of a hierarchical cluster analysis based on the means of the key response variables of yield and Brix indicated that four varieties (Al-Sirin-Nar, Russian 8, Ben Ivey, and Salavatski) were notable for having both high yield and high Brix.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Performance and Phytochemical Content of 22 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Varieties

Hooks¹,

Niu²,

Masabni³

et al. 2021

horts

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“…The pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) (Lythraceae; formerly belonging to the Punicaceae family) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub or tree [ 1 ]. Native to Iran and Afghanistan, it is found growing wild in the outer hills and warm valleys of the Himalayas, and is often cultivated throughout northern India, but now pomegranate is grown commercially in various parts of the world, including South Africa, North Africa, South America, North America, the Middle East, Israel, and Australia [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Factors Affecting the Phytochemical and Nutritional Properties of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Waste: A Review

et al. 2020

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Pomegranate peel has substantial amounts of phenolic compounds, such as hydrolysable tannins (punicalin, punicalagin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid), flavonoids (anthocyanins and catechins), and nutrients, which are responsible for its biological activity. However, during processing, the level of peel compounds can be significantly altered depending on the peel processing technique used, for example, ranging from 38.6 to 50.3 mg/g for punicalagins. This review focuses on the influence of postharvest processing factors on the pharmacological, phytochemical, and nutritional properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel. Various peel drying strategies (sun drying, microwave drying, vacuum drying, and oven drying) and different extraction protocols (solvent, super-critical fluid, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and pressurized liquid extractions) that are used to recover phytochemical compounds of the pomegranate peel are described. A total phenolic content of 40.8 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DM was recorded when sun drying was used, but the recovery of the total phenolic content was higher at 264.3 mg TAE/g when pressurised liquid extraction was performed. However, pressurised liquid extraction is costly due to the high initial investment costs and the limited possibility of carrying out selective extractions of organic compounds from complex peel samples. The effects of these methods on the phytochemical profiles of pomegranate peel extracts are also influenced by the cultivar and conditions used, making it difficult to determine best practice. For example, oven drying at 60 °C resulted in higher levels of punicalin of 888.04 mg CE/kg DM compared to those obtained 40 °C of 768.11 mg CE/kg DM for the Wonderful cultivar. Processes that are easy to set up, cost-effective, and do not compromise the quality and safety aspects of the peel are, thus, more desirable. From the literature survey, we identified a lack of studies testing pretreatment protocols that may result in a lower loss of the valuable biological compounds of pomegranate peels to allow for full exploitation of their health-promoting properties in potentially new value-added products.

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“…Main bundles are found as closed collateral in examined species excluding P. granatum that has bicollateral vascular bundle, differently from the others. Rajaei & Yazdanpanah (2015) and Metcafe & Chalk (1950) have also previously described bicollateral bundle for this species. Esau (1997) and Fahn (1990) mentioned that inner phloem in leaves are not usual event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…On the other hand, palisade parenchyma cells structure is very similar to spongy parenchyma in the species. Rajaei & Yazdanpanah (2015) and Fahn (1990) reported bifacial leaf for P. granatum and noted that it is difficult to exactly distinguish the palisade layer from spongy layers. In A. andrachne, three palisade layers in leaf lamina are interrapted by bundle sheat extentions, as in the leaf blade of C. coggygria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Micromorphology and Anatomy of Five Mediterranean Enclaves in Artvin (Turkey)

Ozcan

Yilmaz

2020

Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi

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Aim of study: We aimed to investigate leaf micromorphology including venation types, and petiole and leaf blade anatomical characteristics of five woody/scrubs Mediterranean enclaves (Cotinus coggygria Scop., Rhus coriaria L., Arbutus andrachne L., Punica granatum L. and Jasminum fruticans L.) in this study. Area of study: Artvin Province has three distinct climate types. The species studied were collected from natural habitats in Artvin, where Mediterranean climate type occurs. Material and methods: Leaves of five species were evaluated micromorphologically and anatomically by using stereomicroscopy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Main results: Two species have imparipinnately compound leaves, while three have simple ones. Four venation types were determined in the species. C. coggygria has channeled anticlinal walls of adaxial epidermal cells and A. andrachne has striate cuticular ornamentation in the abaxial surfaces. Differently from others, R. coriaria and J. fruticans have glandular trichomes, and P. granatum has bicollateral vascular bundle. Secretory canals and druses crystals were detected in some investigated species. Most of the species have hypostomatic leaf type, but J. fruticans has amphistomatic one. The highest stomata number and indices per mm 2 were observed in P. granatum, while the lowest values were found in J. fruticans. Research highlights: Among the species examined, Punica granatum with the highest stomatal number and indices per mm 2 , narrowed and deciduous leaf with epicuticular wax composition has probably distinctive adaptive strategies to water deficiency and xerophytic habitats.

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Buds and leaves in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): Phenology in relation to structure and development

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Performance and Phytochemical Content of 22 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Varieties

Performance and Phytochemical Content of 22 Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Varieties

Processing Factors Affecting the Phytochemical and Nutritional Properties of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Peel Waste: A Review

Foliar Micromorphology and Anatomy of Five Mediterranean Enclaves in Artvin (Turkey)

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