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Aim. To improve surgical treatment outcomes of patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus complicated by purulent mediastinitis. Methods. Over the past 30 years, we have experience in the surgical treatment of 31 patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus complicated by purulent mediastinitis. Depending on the tactics and techniques of surgical treatment, we identified two groups of patients. The first group (n=8) consisted of patients operated with conventional techniques: thoracotomy, transpleural mediastinotomy according to Dobromyslov, suturing of the esophagus with drainage of the mediastinum and pleural cavities, blind mediastinal drainage. The second group (n=23) consisted of patients treated with programmed re-thoracotomy. Re-thoracotomy was performed along with the postoperative thoracotomy wounds. The delimited foci of purulent mediastinitis were opened and sanitized (necrotic tissues were excised and removed). Preventive hemostatic methods were used in the area of pressure ulcers from drainage tubes. Replacing and changing the position of the drainage tubes in the mediastinum was a strictly compulsory technique. Pus and necrotic soft tissue that appeared in the thoracotomy wound were subsequently eliminated by a device consisting of two titanium brackets connected by a lock embodied in the form of an oval ring during the wound suturing at the stage of programmed re-thoracotomy. The groups were comparable in age and comorbidities. The average diagnosis of spontaneous esophageal rupture took 3.5 days; the maximum time is 10 days. The statistical significance of differences in immune status indicators was assessed by using the Student's t-test and Pearson's 2 test. Results. A systematic approach using the tactical and technical surgical techniques developed by us (such as suturing esophageal wall defects regardless of the rupture time, multifunctional nasoesophagogastric tube installation; the imposition of a purse string suture to prevent reflux from the stomach into the esophagus; programmed re-thoracotomy using the method of temporary fixation of the ribs) allowed to reduce the number of complications, such as haemorrhage from the mediastinal vessels, by 3 times, sepsis 1.5 times, mortality almost 2 times. Conclusion. The introduction of patented techniques allowed to reduce the number of life-threatening complications and mortality in patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus complicated by purulent mediastinitis.
Aim. To improve surgical treatment outcomes of patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus complicated by purulent mediastinitis. Methods. Over the past 30 years, we have experience in the surgical treatment of 31 patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus complicated by purulent mediastinitis. Depending on the tactics and techniques of surgical treatment, we identified two groups of patients. The first group (n=8) consisted of patients operated with conventional techniques: thoracotomy, transpleural mediastinotomy according to Dobromyslov, suturing of the esophagus with drainage of the mediastinum and pleural cavities, blind mediastinal drainage. The second group (n=23) consisted of patients treated with programmed re-thoracotomy. Re-thoracotomy was performed along with the postoperative thoracotomy wounds. The delimited foci of purulent mediastinitis were opened and sanitized (necrotic tissues were excised and removed). Preventive hemostatic methods were used in the area of pressure ulcers from drainage tubes. Replacing and changing the position of the drainage tubes in the mediastinum was a strictly compulsory technique. Pus and necrotic soft tissue that appeared in the thoracotomy wound were subsequently eliminated by a device consisting of two titanium brackets connected by a lock embodied in the form of an oval ring during the wound suturing at the stage of programmed re-thoracotomy. The groups were comparable in age and comorbidities. The average diagnosis of spontaneous esophageal rupture took 3.5 days; the maximum time is 10 days. The statistical significance of differences in immune status indicators was assessed by using the Student's t-test and Pearson's 2 test. Results. A systematic approach using the tactical and technical surgical techniques developed by us (such as suturing esophageal wall defects regardless of the rupture time, multifunctional nasoesophagogastric tube installation; the imposition of a purse string suture to prevent reflux from the stomach into the esophagus; programmed re-thoracotomy using the method of temporary fixation of the ribs) allowed to reduce the number of complications, such as haemorrhage from the mediastinal vessels, by 3 times, sepsis 1.5 times, mortality almost 2 times. Conclusion. The introduction of patented techniques allowed to reduce the number of life-threatening complications and mortality in patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus complicated by purulent mediastinitis.
The need to develop new therapeutic methods for diffuse purulent mediastinitis is still an urgent problem in surgery. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of temporary rib fixation in programmed rethoracotomy while treating diffuse purulent mediastinitis. Materials and Methods. The study involved 49 patients with diffuse purulent mediastinitis. All patients underwent programmed rethoracotomy and sanitation of pyogenic sources in the mediastinum. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 19 patients without preventive measures against wound complications; 30 patients of group 2 underwent temporary rib fixation, which contributed to the decrease of wound complications. To reduce trauma and infection of the thoracotomy wound tissue, a special device was created (RF patent No. 2474389). It consists of staples and locks that appose wound edges after rethoracotomy. During the study, we used V.B. Gavrilov and M.K. Mishkorudnaya’s spectrophotometric method; modified Stoke method; N.I. Gabrielian’s spectrophotometric method. Statistical assessment of parameters was carried out using variation statistics. Statistical significance of differences (t) was calculated by Student’s t-test. Results. Measures to prevent purulent-necrotic complications from a thoracotomic wound significantly contributed to their reduction. The indicators of the effectiveness of these measures were changes in the coefficient of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity and midmolecule peptides in the blood serum, the sum of infectious complications and wound complications. Conclusion. Temporary rib fixation contributes to a significant decrease in the number of patients with purulent-necrotic inflammation of thoracotomy wound tissues (p <0.05). Key words: diffuse purulent mediastinitis, programmed rethoracotomy, preventive method, wound infection, complications. Необходимость разработки новых методов терапии диффузного гнойного медиастинита всё ещё остаётся актуальной проблемой в хирургии. Цель исследования. Оценка эффективности использования способа временной фиксации ребер при выполнении программированной реторакотомии в лечении диффузного гнойного медиастинита. Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 49 пациентов с диффузным гнойным медиастинитом, которым при лечении проводились программированные реторакотомии и санации источника нагноения в средостении. Обследуемых разделили на 2 группы: в I группу вошли 19 пациентов, которым не осуществляли профилактику раневых осложнений; во II группе у 30 пациентов выполнили временную фиксацию ребер, которая создавала условия для снижения вероятности раневых осложнений. Для уменьшения травматизации и инфицирования тканей торакотомной раны был создан прибор (патент РФ на изобретение № 2474389), который состоит из скоб и замков, создающих сближение сторон раны после реторакотомии. При проведении исследования использовали спектрофотометрический метод В.Б. Гаврилова, М.К. Мишкорудной; модифицированный метод Stoke; спектрофотометрический способ по Н.И. Габриэляну. Статистическую оценку показателей осуществляли с применением вариационной статистики и расчета критерия достоверности различий (t) по формуле и таблице Стьюдента. Результаты. Меры предупреждения гнойно-некротических осложнений со стороны торакотомной раны достоверно способствовали их сокращению. Показателями результативности этих мер стали изменения коэффициента перекисного окисления липидов, антиоксидантной активности и среднемолекулярных пептидов в сыворотке крови, сумма инфекционных осложнений и осложнений со стороны раны. Выводы. Использование временной фиксации ребер способствует достоверному уменьшению числа пациентов с гнойно-некротическим воспалением тканей торакотомной раны (p<0,05). Ключевые слова: диффузный гнойный медиастинит, программированная реторакотомия, способ предупреждения, раневая инфекция, осложнения.