Buffering against Depressive Symptoms: Associations between Self-Compassion, Perceived Family Support and Age for Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals

Samrock, Steven; Kline, Kai; Randall, Ashley K.

doi:10.3390/ijerph18157938

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In each analysis, age, education, income and race/ethnicity were entered as control variables. These demographic factors were chosen as controls because of their associations with psychological distress in prior work with TGD samples (Owen-Smith et al, 2017; Samrock et al, 2021; Seelman et al, 2017). We also entered the three variables that showed univariate associations with emotional distress: having a diagnosis or symptoms of COVID-19, changes in housing status, and negative changes in employment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploration of psychological distress, employment, and housing among transgender and gender diverse individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Smout¹,

Wall²,

Mason³

et al. 2023

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals are faced with various societal factors that contribute to health disparities. As COVID-19 spreads, health disparities that existed prior to the pandemic have become exacerbated. The current study aims to address factors that may be negatively impacting TGD individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic by exploring their experiences related to symptoms of depression, symptoms of anxiety, employment, and housing. TGD participants (N = 342) were recruited from an online participant recruitment platform and answered questions related to their psychological well-being and changes in employment and housing since the start of the pandemic. Adverse changes in employment since the start of the pandemic were reported by almost 1/3 of participants and were associated with higher depression and anxiety. Changes in housing were reported by almost 1/4 of participants and were associated with higher anxiety. Experiencing COVID-19 symptoms or receiving a COVID-19 diagnosis were also associated with higher anxiety. Findings indicate TGD individuals who experienced changes in employment and housing since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic experience greater levels of psychological distress. Findings may inform mental health providers and policymakers on the repercussions the pandemic has had on TGD individuals. Public Significance StatementThe current study explored the ways that housing and employment instability brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to heightened psychological distress among a sample of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals collected using an online survey platform. Our findings indicate that TGD individuals experienced heightened levels of psychological distress directly related to employment and housing instability which is a crucial and timely concern given that TGD individuals experienced greater psychological distress, unemployment, and housing instability relative to the general population prior to the pandemic. Receiving a COVID-19 diagnosis or experiencing symptoms associated with COVID-19 also predicted heightened levels of psychological distress. It is recommended that additional TGD-specific protections be implemented and expanded upon in order to meet the current and impending needs of TGD individuals.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploration of psychological distress, employment, and housing among transgender and gender diverse individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Smout¹,

Wall²,

Mason³

et al. 2023

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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show abstract

“…The internalization of these other cultural biases may exceed the effects of or interact with internalized weight bias to influence psychological and physical health (Himmelstein et al, 2017). And moreover, self-compassion may attenuate the impact of other forms of bias on health-related outcomes in racial or ethnic (Schick et al, 2021) and gender (Samrock et al, 2021) minorities. Further tests of the current model in larger, more diverse populations may shed light on the complex effects of these biases on health and illuminate clearer avenues for intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations among self-compassion, weight bias internalization, and self-reported psychological and physical health.

Lamont¹,

Deines²

2024

Stigma and Health

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Weight bias internalization, or turning negative beliefs and attitudes regarding higher weight individuals in on oneself, is associated with poor physical health. This may occur because weight bias internalization promotes poor psychological well-being, which in turn has been shown to negatively impact physical health. Self-compassion has been shown to reduce weight bias internalization and improve psychological health; however, whether these effects extend to physical health is unknown. Nevertheless, if selfcompassion reduces weight bias internalization, which in turn impacts psychological health and subsequently physical health, then self-compassion may be associated with better physical health through the mechanisms of low weight bias internalization and favorable psychological health. In a crosssectional study, 231 weight-diverse undergraduate participants (body mass index [BMI], M = 25.43, SD = 5.51) completed self-reports of the variables of interest. High self-compassion was associated with low weight bias internalization and better self-reported psychological health (i.e., low emotional role limitations), which was ultimately associated with better self-reported physical health (low physical role limitations, high general physical health scores). These relationships occurred when controlling for gender (female, male) and BMI. These findings extend the previously demonstrated associations of selfcompassion, weight bias internalization, and psychological health to the realm of self-reported physical health in a weight-diverse population. Testing this model in longitudinal or experimental designs and in race-, gender-, and age-diverse populations is recommended.

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“…Hereby, self-compassion functions as a protective factor. This application of self-compassion was shown to have significant effects in a recent study [ 62 ]. The lower the age is, the higher the negative self-compassion is.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heartfulness in Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores

Voll

Jost

Jansen

2023

IJERPH

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Background: The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relation between the choice of a vegan or vegetarian diet as a criterion of sustainability and the aspect of heartfulness. We also analyzed which demographic, diet-related, and mindfulness practice-related variables could predict the different facets of heartfulness. Methods: In total, 419 persons participated. After providing demographic, diet-related, and mindfulness practice-related information, participants completed a gratitude questionnaire, a self-compassion scale, a compassion scale, and an equanimity scale. Results: The results show that vegans and vegetarians indicated higher scores than omnivores in some aspects of heartfulness, such as both self-compassion scales. These effects could not be shown for the two equanimity scales and for the gratitude questionnaire. Most aspects of heartfulness could either be predicted by demographic or diet-related variables. The best predictors of the elements of heartfulness were the ecological, ethical, or health-related reasons for choosing their diet stated by the participants, as well as the importance the participants attached to nutrition. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that vegans and vegetarians scored higher in several aspects of heartfulness. Vegans tended to score even higher than vegetarians. Both demographic and diet-related variables could predict heartfulness.

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Buffering against Depressive Symptoms: Associations between Self-Compassion, Perceived Family Support and Age for Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

An exploration of psychological distress, employment, and housing among transgender and gender diverse individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

An exploration of psychological distress, employment, and housing among transgender and gender diverse individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Associations among self-compassion, weight bias internalization, and self-reported psychological and physical health.

Heartfulness in Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores

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