Buffering capacity of human semen

Wolters-Everhardt, Ellen; Dony, J.M.J.; Lemmens, W.A.J.G.; Doesburg, W.H.; Pont, Jan-Joep H.H.M. De

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49468-9

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…To counteract the detrimental effects of these oxidative agents seminal plasma is rich in powerful antioxidant agents such as catalase and superoxide dismutase [50]. Seminal plasma has a powerful buffering capacity required to counteract the harsh acidic environment of the female reproductive tract [51,52]. Seminal plasma is rich in a number of active protein moieties.…”

Section: Inseminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seminal fluid and reproduction: much more than previously thought

Bromfield

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

127

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The influence of seminal plasma on the cytokine and immune uterine environment is well characterised in mice and humans, while the effects of disruption to uterine seminal plasma exposure on pregnancy and offspring health is becoming more clearly understood. The cellular and molecular environment of the uterus during the pre-and peri-implantation period of early pregnancy is critical for implantation success and optimal foetal and placental development. Perturbations to this environment not only have consequences for the success of pregnancy and neonatal health and viability, but can also drive adverse health outcomes in the offspring after birth, particularly the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance. It is now reported that an absence of seminal plasma at conception in mice promotes increased fat accumulation, altered metabolism and hypertension in offspring. The evidence reviewed here demonstrates that seminal plasma is not simply a transport medium for sperm, but acts also as a key regulator of the female tract environment providing optimal support for the developing embryo and benefiting future health of offspring.

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Section: Inseminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seminal fluid and reproduction: much more than previously thought

Bromfield

2014

J Assist Reprod Genet

127

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“…One study comparing the two methods found slightly higher values when pH paper was used (Haugen and Grotmol, 1998). The measured pH can depend on the length of time since ejaculation, and it tends to increase shortly after ejaculation as a result of loss of CO 2 (Makler et al, 1981;Wolters-Everhardt et al, 1986). Further aging of whole semen can result in a substantial decrease in pH resulting from fructolysis and the production of lactic acid (Shedlovsky et al, 1942;Searcy and Simms, 1967).…”

Section: Ph and Buffering Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Human Semen and the Formulation of a Semen Simulant

Owen

Katz

2005

Journal of Andrology

355

298

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A fluid medium was developed to simulate the salient physical and chemical properties of human semen. The composition of the medium was based upon an extensive review of the literature on constituents of human semen. In choosing the ingredients for this medium, the goal was to emphasize properties that influence interactions of human semen with topical contraceptive, prophylactic, or therapeutic products. Among these properties, pH and buffering capacity, osmolarity, ionic strength, and rheological properties play dominant roles in the physico-chemical processes that govern drug release kinetics and delivery vehicle distribution. W hen therapeutic, contraceptive, or prophylactic formulations are applied to the vagina, they encounter a variety of fluids with widely varying physical and chemical properties. These fluids include those that originate in the vagina and those that flow into it (eg, cervical mucus and semen). The fluid actually present at any location within the vagina is a mixture, to a varying extent, of these fluids. The flow, retention, drug delivery kinetics, and bioactivity of vaginal formulations depend upon their interactions with these resident fluids. Work done by our group has determined that the physical and chemical properties of both the delivery vehicle and the surrounding environment are important factors in determining product performance (Katz et al, 1998;Owen et al, 1999aOwen et al, , 2000Owen et al, , 2001Owen et al, , 2003. Understanding of these interactions can, therefore, aid in the design and development of new and improved formulations.One component of such research is the in vitro testing of formulations with fluids representative of those that will be encountered within the vagina. Our laboratory has been developing and applying in vitro assays that focus on how the deployment and delivery of contraceptive and prophylactic compounds are affected by the properties of the delivery vehicle and its interactions with the surrounding fluids. To develop these assays using standardized materials of sufficient volume, we have found it useful to employ simulants of ambient biological fluids. Our for- mulation of a vaginal fluid simulant has been described in a previous publication (Owen and Katz, 1999b), and our semen simulant (and earlier versions) was presented in a number of studies of contraceptive and microbicidal gels (Owen et al, 2003(Owen et al, , 2004Geonnotti and Katz, 2004;Geonnotti et al, 2005a;Geonnotti et al, 2005b). Here we describe the formulation of a semen simulant embodying salient physical and chemical components and properties of human semen. This is based on a comprehensive review of the literature, and we present here, as well, an updated summary of the constituents of human semen. Materials and MethodsThe quantity and composition of human semen have been studied for a variety of reasons (eg, for the diagnosis of conditions such as prostatitis, infertility, and cancer), and the results of these studies were used in the development of our simulant. It i...

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“…The measured pH may depend on the length of time since ejaculation and it tends to increase shortly after ejaculation as a result of loss of carbon dioxide. Another study observed that in buffering of semen, HCO 3 /CO 2 contribution is 24.9%, while protein contributes 28.5% and the other half was contributed by low molecular weight components such as citrate, inorganic phosphate and pyruvate [6]. Therefore, the pH of the seminal fluid may play a significant role in sperm function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seminal Plasma pH, Inorganic Phosphate, Total and Ionized Calcium Concentrations In The Assessment of Human Spermatozoa Function

Banjoko

Adeseolu

2013

JCDR

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Introduction: Fertilization in humans is dependent on viability of the male spermatozoa among other factors and there have been conflicting reports on the role of pH, calcium and phosphate concentrations in sperm function. This study therefore aimed to investigate seminal plasma pH, inorganic phosphate, total and ionized calcium concentrations relative to spermatozoa function. Material and Methods: Seminal plasma concentrations of pH, total calcium, ionized calcium (Ca ++ ); inorganic phosphate, motility and spermatozoa count were determined in 80 males by standard methods.Results: Forty-nine of the subjects had normal spermatozoa motility (> 60%) and 31 had hypomotility (< 60%). The hypomotility group exhibited lower calcium ion (Ca 2 +) concentrations; 0.19+0.01mmol/L compared with normal motility group; 0.24+0.01mmol/L (p<0.001) the latter also had significantly higher inorganic phosphate; 7.83+1.27 while the former had 5.64+1.62mmol/L (p= 0.004). The mean spermatozoa counts for hypomotility and normal motility group were 42.0 ± 13 x 106 , 72.35 + 20 x 106 respectively (p< 0.001). No significant differences were observed in pH, volume of ejaculate and total calcium concentration between the hypomotility and normal motility groups The mean concentrations of pH were 7.51 ± 0.02 and 7.54 ± 0.03 respectively (p= 0.21) and total calcium; 3.10 ± 0.12 and 3.36 ± 0.14mmol/L respectively (p= 0.16 ). There was a significant difference in percentage of abnormal forms in both groups with hypomotile group having 36% compared to mormal motility group with 5% (p< 0.05). Conclusion:Correlations were observed between seminal concentrations of calcium ions, inorganic phosphate, spermatozoa count and motility but not with total calcium concentrations and pH and therefore should be considered in understanding male infertility and preparation of media for sperm preservation for in vitro fertilization.

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Buffering capacity of human semen

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

Seminal fluid and reproduction: much more than previously thought

Seminal fluid and reproduction: much more than previously thought

A Review of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Human Semen and the Formulation of a Semen Simulant

Seminal Plasma pH, Inorganic Phosphate, Total and Ionized Calcium Concentrations In The Assessment of Human Spermatozoa Function

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