Bugs, breathing and blood pressure: microbiota–gut–brain axis signalling in cardiorespiratory control in health and disease

O’Connor, Karen; Lucking, Eric F.; Cryan, John F.; O’Halloran, Ken D.

doi:10.1113/jp280279

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 199 publications

(559 reference statements)

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“…, Akkermansia muciniphilia , Ruminococcus (decreased) Propionate Neuroprotective, Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant [ 20 •• , 44 , 47 ] Bifidobacterium sp. (decreased) Acetate Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory [ 5 , 20 •• , 47 ] B. dorei , B. ovatus , B. caccae , B. vulgatus (increased) GABA Neuroinhibitor [ 19 •• , 59 , 60 ] Enterococcus sp. , Clostridium sp.…”

Section: Gut Microbiota-derived Circulating Metabolites Blunt Hypoxia-sensing In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the patient remains unaware of the condition, undetected hypoxia is dangerous. Studies indicate that gut dysbiosis (disruption of the gut microbial homeostasis) is an important manifestation in COVID-19 and can hamper respiratory control [ 5 ]. This article explores the potential role of gut microbiota-brain communication in causing silent hypoxia in COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silent hypoxia in COVID-19: a gut microbiota connection

Gopal

Chakraborty

Padhan

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Physiology

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has triggered the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors induce hypoxia in COVID-19. Despite being hypoxic, some SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals do not experience any respiratory distress, a phenomenon termed “silent/happy hypoxia”. Prolonged undetected hypoxia is dangerous, sometimes leading to death. A few studies attempted to unravel what causes silent hypoxia, however, the exact mechanisms are still elusive. Here, we aim to understand how SARS-CoV-2 causes silent hypoxia.

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Section: Gut Microbiota-derived Circulating Metabolites Blunt Hypoxia-sensing In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silent hypoxia in COVID-19: a gut microbiota connection

Gopal

Chakraborty

Padhan

et al. 2021

Current Opinion in Physiology

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“…To the contrary, our understanding of the contribution of gut microbiota to respiratory control remains very limited (O'Connor et al ., 2020). Nevertheless, recent animal data indicate the presence of a bidirectional link between gut microbial activity and breathing modulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of increased gut microbial fermentation on the hypoxic ventilatory response in humans

Seredyński

Pawłowska-Seredyńska

Ponikowska

et al. 2021

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the central question of this study?Is there a link between gut microbial fermentation and ventilatory responsiveness to hypoxia in humans? What is the main finding and its importance?Increased gut microbial fermentation is associated with augmented ventilatory (but not haemodynamic) responses to transient hypoxia. These findings imply a capacity for gut microbiota to modulate the peripheral chemoreflex response to hypoxia in humans. Abstract Recent animal data indicate the presence of a bidirectional link between gut microbial activity and respiratory control. Nevertheless, the presence of a similar association between gut microbiota and peripheral chemoreceptor responsiveness to hypoxia in humans has not been reported to date. Therefore, we performed a within subject, placebo‐controlled study in a group of 16 healthy individuals (eight men; mean ± SD age 25.9 ± 5.2 years). Participants underwent two tests (in a random order), receiving lactulose, which stimulates gut fermentation, or placebo. Ventilatory and haemodynamic responses to transient hypoxia were evaluated before and 2 h after the test meal. The magnitude of these responses was related to the net hydrogen content in the exhaled air, reflecting gut fermentation intensity. A lactulose meal, compared to placebo, caused an increase in the minute ventilation (Hyp‐VI; l/min/SnormalpO2) and breathing rate (Hyp‐BR; breaths/min/SnormalpO2) responses to hypoxia (for Hyp‐VI, mean ± SD −0.03 ± 0.059 in placebo test vs. 0.05 ± 0.116 in lactulose test, P = 0.03; for Hyp‐BR, −0.015 ± 0.046 vs. 0.034 ± 0.054, P = 0.01). The magnitude of these responses was positively correlated with the lactulose‐induced hydrogen excretion (for Hyp‐VI, r = 0.62, P = 0.01; for Hyp‐BR, r = 0.73, P = 0.001). Changes in the resting parameters during normoxia did not differ significantly between the tests. Our results demonstrate that the increased gut microbial fermentation is associated with augmented ventilatory (but not haemodynamic) responses to the transient hypoxia, which implies a capacity for gut microbiota to modulate the peripheral chemoreflex in humans.

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“…It is associated with important modulatory effects on cardiovascular homeostasis, including blood pressure regulation. It is becoming increasingly evident that gastrointestinal microbial status can influence cardiorespiratory control, through a bi‐directional pathway termed the gut–brain axis (O'Connor et al., 2020). Recently, it was demonstrated that negative disruptions to the gut microbiota depressed ventilatory responsiveness to chemostimuli in rats (O'Connor et al., 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants ingested either placebo or lactulose to stimulate gut fermentation. Lactulose is a non‐absorbable sugar that is metabolized by the gut microbiota to yield short‐chain fatty acids, which are implicated in gut–brain axis signalling (O'Connor et al., 2020). Baseline cardiorespiratory parameters were unchanged by lactulose intervention.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%