Building a circular economy around poly(D/L-γ-glutamic acid)- a smart microbial biopolymer

Parati, Mattia; Khalil, Ibrahim; Tchuenbou-Magaia, Fideline; Adamus, Grażyna; Mendrek, Barbara; Hill, Robert William

doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108049

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…It is used for thickening, gel and film formation, moisturizing, and adhesion, and is most often used in cosmetics, food processing, agriculture, medicine, environmental protection and other fields [ 3 – 6 ]. γ-PGA was first discovered in the capsule of Bacillus anthracis by Ivanovics and Bruckner [ 7 ]. Subsequently, γ-PGA has also been found in the fermentation extracts of B. subtilis and B. nattobacter as well [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fe2+ addition to sugarcane molasses on poly-γ-glutamic acid production in Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC NO. 23967

Guo

Wang

et al. 2023

Microb Cell Fact

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Background Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is biodegradable, water-soluble, environment-friendly, and edible. Consequently, it has a variety of industrial applications. It is crucial to control production cost and increase output for industrial production γ-PGA. Results Here γ-PGA production from sugarcane molasses by Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC NO. 23967 was studied in shake-flasks and bioreactors, the results indicate that the yield of γ-PGA could reach 40.668 g/L in a 5L stirred tank fermenter. Further study found that γ-PGA production reached 70.436 g/L, γ-PGA production and cell growth increased by 73.20% and 55.44%, respectively, after FeSO4·7H2O was added. Therefore, we investigated the metabolomic and transcriptomic changes following FeSO4·7H2O addition. This addition resulted in increased abundance of intracellular metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids, and key TCA cycle intermediates, as well as upregulation of the glycolysis pathway and TCA cycle. Conclusions These results compare favorably with those obtained from glucose and other forms of biomass feedstock, confirming that sugarcane molasses can be used as an economical substrate without any pretreatment. The addition of FeSO4·7H2O to sugarcane molasses may increase the efficiency of γ-PGA production in intracellular.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fe2+ addition to sugarcane molasses on poly-γ-glutamic acid production in Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC NO. 23967

Guo

Wang

et al. 2023

Microb Cell Fact

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“…Fine-tuning chemico-phyisical properties of the material would unlock the potential for application-specific industrial biosynthesis. Similarly to other enzymes, the presence of different ions can drastically affect the activity of one or more biocatalytic components within the pgs complex, which result in a significant variation in γ-PGA properties ( Parati et al, 2022 ). For instance, the presence of manganese–Mn 2+ ( Birrer et al, 1994 ; Kedia et al, 2010 ), zinc–Zn 2+ ( Yamashiro et al, 2010 ), sodium–Na + ( Birrer et al, 1994 ; Kedia et al, 2010 ) ( Ogawa et al, 1997 ; Ashiuchi et al, 2006 ; Ashiuchi and Shimizu, 2015 ) calcium–Ca 2+ ( Yamashiro et al, 2010 ), magnesium–Mg 2+ ( Ashiuchi and Shimizu, 2015 ) and iron–Fe 2+ ( Yamashiro et al, 2010 ) ions have all been shown to affect the yields and/or chemical characteristics of the biomaterial ( Ashiuchi et al, 2001 ; Ashiuchi et al, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, the biosynthesis of γ-PGA is predominantly achieved by cultivation of bacteria in defined media, often too expensive for low value commodity applications ( Zhang et al, 2019 ; Parati et al, 2022 ). With an outlook on material up-scaling and industrial commercialisation, significantly cheaper, complex media have been assessed and shown to be suitable for γ-PGA biosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Nair et al (2021) employed rotten tomatoes for the biosynthesis of γ-PGA, Kim et al (2019) synthesized γ-PGA from the macroalgae Ulva sp., Parati et al (2022) synthetised γ-PGA from supplemented micro and macroalgae, Bajaj et al (2008) employed soybean meal for the biosynthesis of γ-PGA. The use of other complex waste media, including brewery waste for γ-PGA biosynthesis has been further discussed by Parati et al (2022b) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the biggest challenges faced when employing complex media include seasonal availability of the substrate, its pre-treatment and the variation in its composition. All of which can affect the supply and quality of resulting added value products ( Parati et al, 2022 ; Pardilhó et al, 2022 ). Here we assessed the impact of pre-treatment type, macroalgal species and time-year collection of brown seaweed cultivated under controlled conditions by the Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Scotland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A circular bioprocess application of algal-based substrate for Bacillus subtilis natto production of γ-PGA

et al. 2023

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Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a bio-derived water-soluble, edible, hydrating, non-immunogenic polymer. Bacillus subtilis natto is a wild-type γ-PGA producer originally isolated from Japanese fermented natto beans whose activity has been shown to be enhanced through ion-specific activation of Extrachromosomal DNA maintenance mechanisms. Being a GRAS γ-PGA producer, this microorganism has attracted great interest in its use within an industrial context. Here we successfully synthesised amorphous, crystalline and semi-crystalline γ-PGA between 11–27 g/L. In line with circular economy principles, scalable macroalgal biomass has been evaluated as substrate for γ-PGA, displaying great potential in both yields and material composition. In this study whole cell, freeze dried seaweed -namely Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta-were pre-treated by means of mechanical methods, sterilised and subsequently inoculated with B. subtilis natto. High shear mixing was found to be the most suitable pre-treatment technique. Supplemented L. digitata (9.1 g/L), S. latissima (10.2 g/L), A. esculenta (13 g/L) displayed γ-PGA yields comparable to those of standard GS media (14.4 g/L). Greatest yields of pure γ-PGA were obtained during the month of June for L. digitata (Avg. 4.76 g/L) comparable to those obtained with GS media (7.0 g/L). Further, pre-treated S. latissima and L. digitata complex media enabled for high molar mass (4,500 kDa) γ-PGA biosynthesis at 8.6 and 8.7 g/L respectively. Compared to standard GS media, algal derived γ-PGA displayed significantly higher molar masses. Further studies will be necessary to further evaluate the impact of varying ash contents upon the stereochemical properties and modify the properties of algal media based γ-PGA with the aid of key nutrients; however, the material synthesised to date can directly displace a number of fossil fuel derived chemicals in drug delivery applications, cosmetics, bioremediation, wastewater treatment, flocculation and as cryoprotectants.

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Production of gamma‐polyglutamic acid microgel by Bacillus species: Industrial applications and future perspectives

Pal,

Singh,

Sarangi

et al. 2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Abstractγ‐Polyglutamic acid (γ‐PGA) microgel, produced by Bacillus spp., represents a promising biomaterial with diverse industrial applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxic nature. This review explores the current methodologies in the industrial production of γ‐PGA microgel, emphasizing the optimization of fermentation conditions, genetic engineering of Bacillus strains, and advances in downstream processing techniques. Key applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and environmental management are discussed, highlighting its role in drug delivery systems, as a biocontrol agent, and in wastewater treatment. Future perspectives include enhancing production efficiency through synthetic biology, expanding its application scope, and addressing economic and regulatory challenges to facilitate broader adoption. The integration of innovative technologies and multidisciplinary approaches is crucial for the sustainable development and commercial success of γ‐PGA microgel.

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Building a circular economy around poly(D/L-γ-glutamic acid)- a smart microbial biopolymer

Cited by 18 publications

References 199 publications

Effects of Fe2+ addition to sugarcane molasses on poly-γ-glutamic acid production in Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC NO. 23967

Effects of Fe2+ addition to sugarcane molasses on poly-γ-glutamic acid production in Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC NO. 23967

A circular bioprocess application of algal-based substrate for Bacillus subtilis natto production of γ-PGA

Production of gamma‐polyglutamic acid microgel by Bacillus species: Industrial applications and future perspectives

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