Building a “Headquarters Economy”: The geography of headquarters within Beijing and its implications for urban restructuring

Cities as command and control centres of the world economy: An empirical analysis, 2006–2015

“…According to projections by the International Energy Agency (IEA), it is foreseeable that Chinese oil and gas consumption will dramatically increase in the future, and China's national oil companies (NOCs) are expected to be the instruments to satisfy the growing demand (IEA, 2011). The headquarters of all three state-owned oil giants, PetroChina, Sinopec, and CNOOC, are located in Beijing; therefore, the dominant role of the Chinese capital in the energy sector is not surprising (Pegg, 2012;Pan et al, 2015). The extreme power of Beijing in terms of the value of the CCI does not straightforwardly show its role in the global financial sector.…”

“…The reason for this is that in developing countries, a growing number of giant manufacturing corporations and banks have been established (for example, the leading four companies of the Forbes "The Global 2,000" for 2015 are all headquartered in China), and they can significantly affect the world economy (Sauvant, 2008). In developing countries, the high-level decision-making activities of large corporations tend to be geographically more concentrated in some dominant cities, and primarily in capitals; therefore, some of these cities have become globally important headquarter cities (see, for example, Lai, 2012;Ma et al, 2013;Pan, Xia, 2014;Pan et al, 2015). However, despite the rapid growth of their economies, the financial systems of developing countries can generally be considered as fairly undeveloped (Elliot, Yan, 2013), and cannot be compared with those of developed countries (The World Bank, 2012).…”

Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Headquarters of Listed Firms in China

“…On the one hand, firms prefer to locate their headquarters in the central business districts (CBDs) of larger metropolitan areas due to the regional advantages of high-quality infrastructure, high-end producer services, excellent university and research institutes, and convenient living environments. They choose to gather in only a few larger metropolitan cities and set up close to each other to facilitate the sharing of common inputs and the same labor market, in addition to enjoying information spillover [14,[27][28][29]. For example, Sydney and Melbourne accounted for 44.2% and 27.8% of the headquarters of the largest 300 listed firms in Australia in 2010 [30].…”

A világvárosok rangsorolása az irányító és ellenőrző funkciójuk alapján, és a formálódó új gazdasági erőközpontok

“…Peking a roppant dinamikus előretörést alapvetően két szektornak, a pénzügyeknek és az energiaszektornak köszönheti, hiszen mindkettőben a rangsor élén áll. Az energiaszektorbeli elsősége talán nem is meglepő: a hatalmas kínai gazdaságot 3 és a gyorsan növekvő lakossági fogyasztást kiszolgáló ál-lami tulajdonú olaj-és gázipari óriásvállalatok (PetroChina, Sinopec, CNOOC) központja kivétel nélkül a kínai fővárosban található (Pan 2015;Pegg 2012).…”