Building a post-compression region-of-interest encryption framework for existing video surveillance systems

Unterweger, Andreas; Ryckegem, Kevin Van; Engel, Dominik; Uhl, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s00530-015-0473-6

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…An RA [18] implies to set all encrypted values to zero while keeping the unencrypted values. To implement this attack on the three methods, we set all AC coefficients of the luminance channel to zero while keeping the DC values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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JPEG‐based scalable privacy protection and image data utility preservation

Ruchaud

Dugelay

2018

IET signal process.

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Here, the authors propose a scalable scrambling algorithm operating in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain within the JPEG codec. The goal is to ensure that people are no more identifiable while keeping their actions still understandable regardless of the image size. For each 8 × 8 block, the authors encrypt the DCT coefficients to protect data information, and shift them towards the high frequencies to make the DC position available. Whereas encrypted coefficients appear as noise in the protected image, the DC position is dedicated to restitute some of the original information (e.g. the average colour associated with one or a group of blocks). The proposed approach automatically sets the value of each DC according to the region of interest size in order to keep the level of privacy protection strong enough. Comparing to existing methods, the proposed privacy protection framework provides flexibility concerning the appearance of the protected version which makes it stronger for protecting the privacy even during potential attacks. Moreover, the method does not cause excessive perturbation for the recognition of the actions and slightly decreases the efficiency of the JPEG standard.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4]), or after (e.g. [5]) compression, denoted pre-, in-, and post-compression encryption algorithms. Pre-compression encryption produces images that are structurally similar to the noise and then hampers the surveillance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

JPEG‐based scalable privacy protection and image data utility preservation

Ruchaud

Dugelay

2018

IET signal process.

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“…The FEs that work before JPEG (FBJs) [11]- [13] apply four encryption modules (scrambling, rotation/inversion, nega-posi transformation, and component shuffling) to the original image or multiple video frames (or three encryption modules except for component shuffling to a grayscale image [14]) to achieve high confidentiality and good or moderate compression friendliness. The FEs that work after JPEG (FAJs) [15]- [18] apply XOR operations or permutations to specific syntax elements of the compressed bitstream to achieve different types of perceptual degradation, e.g., luma-only degradation and DC-and-AC degradation. However, the FBJs and FAJs have no or less tunability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finely Tunable Bitcuboid-Based Encryption With Exception-Free Signed Binarization for JPEG Standard

Shimizu

Suzuki

2021

IEEE Trans.Inform.Forensic Secur.

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We propose a finely tunable JPEG format-compliant perceptual encryption (FE) with two novel strategies: (i) bitcuboid-based encryption (BE) and (ii) exception-free signed binarization (ESB). BE is an intra-and inter-bitplane encryption technique that provides finely tunable perceptual degradation by encrypting constrained subspaces ('bitcubes') of a cuboidshaped bit set ('bitcuboid'). ESB is a binarization technique that redecimalizes encrypted binary sequences into signed decimal coefficients without any exception-handling by shifting the negative binary sequences one-by-one. BE with ESB (BEESB) is applied to the quantized discrete cosine transform (QDCT) domain in JPEG compression. The results of our first experiment show that the BE attains fine tunability, which means scalability of the perceptual degradation level with a single encryption method, by encrypting bitcubes of various types and sizes combinatorially. The results of our second experiment show that the BEESB suppresses the bitrate overheads and that BEESB with one of the most secure options suppresses approximately 0.80-187.58 % more of the bitrate overheads in terms of Bjøntegaard delta (BD)rate compared with conventional methods except for some ones. The results of our third experiment show that BEESB has high resilience against attacks.

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“…If such behaviour is identified and a law enforcement agent is notified the identity containing portion of the video can be decrypted. There are a number of papers dealing with problems like this, focusing on the technical side of performing encryption without destroying the rest of the video through drift errors and similar things, e.g., [2][3][4]22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of No-Reference Visual Quality Indices for Visual Security Assessment

Hofbauer

Uhl

2018

Proceedings of the 6th ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security

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From literature it is known that full-reference visual quality indices are a poor fit for the estimation of visual security for selective encryption. The question remains whether no-reference visual quality indices can perform where full reference indices falter. Furthermore, no-reference visual quality indices frequently use machine learning to train a model of natural scene statistics. It would be of interest to be able to gauge the impact of learning statistics from selectively encrypted images on performance as quality estimators for encryption. In the following we will answer these two questions.

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Building a post-compression region-of-interest encryption framework for existing video surveillance systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

JPEG‐based scalable privacy protection and image data utility preservation

JPEG‐based scalable privacy protection and image data utility preservation

Finely Tunable Bitcuboid-Based Encryption With Exception-Free Signed Binarization for JPEG Standard

Applicability of No-Reference Visual Quality Indices for Visual Security Assessment

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