Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.

Locke, Edwin A.; Latham, Gary P.

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705

Cited by 5,313 publications

(4,933 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Recognizing that the goals would be monitored through the research study was a strong motivator. This is similar to the observation in goal-setting theory that making a public agreement to the goal enhances commitment as it becomes a matter of integrity for the individual (Locke & Latham, 2002). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Participant feedback on the negotiation phase emphasized the importance of the co-production of goals with the interviewer. Allowing people to participate in the goal-setting process in this way creates a sense of ownership and personal importance (Locke & Latham, 2002). Despite the adoption of SMART principles as part of the protocol there was some variability in the specificity and level of detail of some goals, and on reflection some people would have chosen harder goals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This motivational effect of establishing goals has been described as operating thorough a number of mechanisms including focusing attention and effort on activities relating to the specific goal, and setting goals requires the person to use the knowledge and skills they have or need to acquire to achieve goal attainment (Locke & Latham, 2002). Recognizing that the goals would be monitored through the research study was a strong motivator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goal-setting theory advances the idea that goals are an outcome to aim for and a standard for judging satisfaction (Locke & Latham, 2002). From the perspective of people in the AgeWell study the successful achievement of goals did create a sense of personal satisfaction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goal-setting to Promote a Healthier Lifestyle in Later Life: Qualitative Evaluation of the AgeWell Trial

Nelis

Thom

Jones

et al. 2018

Clinical Gerontologist

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Objective: We report a mixed method evaluation of the feasibility and implementation of the AgeWell goal-setting intervention to promote healthy ageing later life.Method: Researcher field notes, goal-setting interview content, and semi-structured interviews with participants were content analysed to review trial implementation and participants’ perspective on the goal-setting and mentoring intervention.Results: 75 people were recruited: 21 in the goal-setting and 22 in the goal-setting with mentoring arms of the intervention. Goal-setting was feasible in the main domains of interest. Adherence to the protocol was good and the mentoring schedule was adhered to. Participants reported satisfaction with their goal attainment, but barriers for non-achievement were also identified. Recommendations for small changes to the intervention included reducing the number of goals.Conclusions: Participants understood the goal-setting process, and were able to set realistic and achievable lifestyle goals. The intervention and the procedures were acceptable but changes in how goal-setting is both introduced and monitored are needed for wider implementation.Clinical Implications: Goal-setting can be a useful process to help people alter their lifestyle to allow them to age more successfully and reduce risk factors associated with dementia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goal-setting to Promote a Healthier Lifestyle in Later Life: Qualitative Evaluation of the AgeWell Trial

Nelis

Thom

Jones

et al. 2018

Clinical Gerontologist

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“…Participants were divided into sextiles to determine each individual's weekly league placement. The purpose of the activity‐based leagues was to maintain strong competition among similarly active participants and minimize discouragement 21. The competition‐based leagues were grounded in the cognitive evaluation theory, which states that intrinsic motivation is based on an individual's need for competence, achievement, and self‐determination 22.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamifying Accelerometer Use Increases Physical Activity Levels of Sedentary Office Workers

Gremaud

Carr

Simmering

et al. 2018

JAHA

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BackgroundSedentary work is hazardous. Over 80% of all US jobs are predominantly sedentary, placing full‐time office workers at increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is a critical need for effective workplace physical activity interventions. MapTrek is a mobile health platform that gamifies Fitbit use for the purpose of promoting physical activity. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of MapTrek for increasing daily steps and moderate‐intensity steps over 10 weeks in a sample of sedentary office workers.Methods and ResultsParticipants included 146 full‐time sedentary office workers aged 21 to 65 who reported sitting at least 75% of their workday. Each participant received a Fitbit Zip to wear daily throughout the intervention. Participants were randomized to either a: (1) Fitbit‐only group or 2) Fitbit + MapTrek group. Physical activity outcomes and intervention compliance were measured with the Fitbit activity monitor. The Fitbit + MapTrek group significantly increased daily steps (+2092 steps per day) and active minutes (+11.2 min/day) compared to the Fitbit‐only arm, but, on average, participants’ steps declined during the study period.ConclusionsMapTrek is an effective approach for increasing physical activity at a clinically meaningful level in sedentary office workers, but as with accelerometer use alone, the effect decreases over time.Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT03109535.

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Comparative Effectiveness of Goal Setting in Diabetes Mellitus Group Clinics

Naik¹,

Palmer²,

Petersen³

et al. 2011

Arch Intern Med

164

228

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Background Diabetes group clinics can effectively control hypertension, but data to support glycemic control is equivocal. This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of two diabetes group clinic interventions on glycosolated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in primary care. Methods Participants (n = 87) were recruited from a diabetes registry of a single regional VA medical center to participate in an open, randomized comparative effectiveness study. Two primary care based diabetes group interventions of three months duration were compared. Empowering Patients in Care (EPIC) was a clinician-led, patient-centered group clinic consisting of four sessions on setting self-management action plans (diet, exercise, home monitoring, medications, etc.) and communicating about progress with action plans. The comparison intervention consisted of group education sessions with a diabetes educator and dietician followed by an additional visit with one’s primary care provider. HbA1c levels were compared post-intervention and at one-year follow-up. Results Participants in the EPIC intervention had significantly greater improvements in HbA1c levels immediately following the active intervention (8.86 to 8.04 vs. 8.74 to 8.70, mean [SD] between-group difference 0.67±1.3, P=.03) and these differences persisted at 1 year follow-up (.59±1.4, P=.05). A repeated measures analysis using all study time points found a significant time-by-treatment interaction effect on HbA1c levels favoring the EPIC intervention (F(2,85) =3.55, P= .03). The effect of the time-by-treatment interaction appears to be partially mediated by diabetes self-efficacy (F(1,85) =10.39, P= .002). Conclusions Primary care based diabetes group clinics that include structured goal-setting approaches to self-management can significantly improve HbA1c levels post-intervention and maintain improvements for 1-year. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00481286

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Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.

Cited by 5,313 publications

References 118 publications

Goal-setting to Promote a Healthier Lifestyle in Later Life: Qualitative Evaluation of the AgeWell Trial

Goal-setting to Promote a Healthier Lifestyle in Later Life: Qualitative Evaluation of the AgeWell Trial

Gamifying Accelerometer Use Increases Physical Activity Levels of Sedentary Office Workers

Comparative Effectiveness of Goal Setting in Diabetes Mellitus Group Clinics

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