Building America Best Practices Series: Volume 7.1: Guide to Determining Climate Regions by County

Baechler, Michael C.; Williamson, Jennifer; Cole, Pamala C.; Hefty, Marye G.; Love, Pat

doi:10.2172/1068658

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…How could one use the OBV framework to select the best long‐term strategy—for any office building over the entire year, rather than for a single day—of the options ASHRAE 62‐2001, 2 × VR, Econ, and DCV? We examined this question for the two office prototypes in each of the five climate categories defined by the Building America program . (According to the 2012 Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), 13% of U.S. offices are in hot‐humid areas, 14% are in mixed dry or hot dry ones, 31% are in mixed‐humid climates, 3% are in marine zones, and 39% are in cold or very cold climates.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome‐based ventilation: A framework for assessing performance, health, and energy impacts to inform office building ventilation decisions

2018

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This article presents an outcome-based ventilation (OBV) framework, which combines competing ventilation impacts into a monetized loss function ($/occ/h) used to inform ventilation rate decisions. The OBV framework, developed for U.S. offices, considers six outcomes of increasing ventilation: profitable outcomes realized from improvements in occupant work performance and sick leave absenteeism; health outcomes from occupant exposure to outdoor fine particles and ozone; and energy outcomes from electricity and natural gas usage. We used the literature to set low, medium, and high reference values for OBV loss function parameters, and evaluated the framework and outcome-based ventilation rates using a simulated U.S. office stock dataset and a case study in New York City. With parameters for all outcomes set at medium values derived from literature-based central estimates, higher ventilation rates' profitable benefits dominated negative health and energy impacts, and the OBV framework suggested ventilation should be ≥45 L/s/occ, much higher than the baseline ~8.5 L/s/occ rate prescribed by ASHRAE 62.1. Only when combining very low parameter estimates for profitable impacts with very high ones for health and energy impacts were all outcomes on the same order. Even then, however, outcome-based ventilation rates were often twice the baseline rate or more.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome‐based ventilation: A framework for assessing performance, health, and energy impacts to inform office building ventilation decisions

2018

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“…The Parris Island rate contrasts with lower rates at MCRD San Diego, which is located in a hotter but drier climate in Southern California, and at NTC Great Lakes, which is located in a colder, yet wetter climate in Illinois. 40 MCRD Parris Island consistently reported the highest incidence of MRSA compared to the other recruit training centers from 2005 -2013. However, MCRD Parris Island also showed the largest decrease in incidence, with a 71.6% reduction in cases since 2005.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections in the Department of Defense (DOD): Annual Summary 2013

Spencer¹,

Chukwuma²

2015

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are a national concern for public health and hospital officials due to the opportunistic nature of the bacteria and the emergence of resistance to several antibiotics. In 2013, the MRSA incidence rates were 58.7 and 73.0 per 100,000 persons per year in the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Department of the Navy (DON) beneficiary populations, respectively; this is a 59% decrease for the DOD and DON since 2005. The majority of MRSA infections within the DOD and DON in 2013 were outpatient, community-associated (CA), and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs); similar patterns were observed since 2005. In the DOD from 2005-2013, MRSA isolates showed decreased susceptibility to cefazolin. However, MRSA showed increased susceptibility to erythromycin and cefotaxime in both the DOD and the DON, and to gentamicin in the DON only. The proportion of MRSA cases with inducible clindamycin resistance is increasing, with a 31.3% increase in the DOD and a 65.3% increase in the DON from 2005 to 2013. Military prescription practices in 2013 were consistent with treatments recommended by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).

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“…The annual energy consumption of the office building will vary depending on its geographic location and climate zone. To account for this variability, the building energy simulations were run 8 times, one for each of the major climate zones within the U.S. following Baechler et al (2010) . The representative cities for each of the climate zones and the electricity and natural gas consumption results are shown in SI section 2.…”

Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The representative cities for each of the climate zones and the electricity and natural gas consumption results are shown in SI section 2. Baseline energy consumption results for each climate zone were combined into a single value using weighting factors obtained from Baechler et al (2010), which is based on the statistics of new construction that starts in each climate zone by building type over a period of several years (see SI section 3).…”

Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Performance of Green Building Code and Certification Systems

Suh

Tomar²,

Leighton³

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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We examined the potential life-cycle environmental impact reduction of three green building code and certification (GBCC) systems: LEED, ASHRAE 189.1, and IgCC. A recently completed whole-building life cycle assessment (LCA) database of NIST was applied to a prototype building model specification by NREL. TRACI 2.0 of EPA was used for life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). The results showed that the baseline building model generates about 18 thousand metric tons CO2-equiv. of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and consumes 6 terajoule (TJ) of primary energy and 328 million liter of water over its life-cycle. Overall, GBCC-compliant building models generated 0% to 25% less environmental impacts than the baseline case (average 14% reduction). The largest reductions were associated with acidification (25%), human health-respiratory (24%), and global warming (GW) (22%), while no reductions were observed for ozone layer depletion (OD) and land use (LU). The performances of the three GBCC-compliant building models measured in life-cycle impact reduction were comparable. A sensitivity analysis showed that the comparative results were reasonably robust, although some results were relatively sensitive to the behavioral parameters, including employee transportation and purchased electricity during the occupancy phase (average sensitivity coefficients 0.26-0.29).

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Building America Best Practices Series: Volume 7.1: Guide to Determining Climate Regions by County

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Outcome‐based ventilation: A framework for assessing performance, health, and energy impacts to inform office building ventilation decisions

Outcome‐based ventilation: A framework for assessing performance, health, and energy impacts to inform office building ventilation decisions

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections in the Department of Defense (DOD): Annual Summary 2013

Environmental Performance of Green Building Code and Certification Systems

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