“…In the last decade, numerous mobility systems, such as shared bicycles and scooters, automated cars, ride-hailing services, electric bicycles, and other personal light electric vehicles have been developed. Such new mobility systems could potentially change the way our urban areas look substantially in terms of spatial use, sustainability, health, equity, safety, and economic opportunities [1][2][3][4]. For instance, it is estimated that the yearly impact of automated vehicles (AV) alone could approach 4,000 generalized US dollars per person per year, including economic benefts, crash cost savings, travel time reductions (due to a reduction in congestion), and lower parking costs [1].…”