This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Society relies on the safe functioning of computer based networks and systems whether it is in transportation, in energy production, banking or in medical devices. In some sectors, notably high hazard ones, achieving and assuring safety is a relatively mature undertaking -although of course we must not be complacent [20,21]. The advent of cyber issues brings enormous challenges and changes to the traditional engineering tempo and approach. This is exacerbated by the increasing sophistication of attackers, the commoditisation of low-end attacks, the increasing vulnerabilities of digital systems as well as their connectivity -both designed and inadvertent. In our research and practice we have been considering the impact of cyber issues on safety critical and safety related computer systems 1 . This article shares some of the issues and lessons learned.
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