Building bridges: Crosslinking of sulfonated aromatic polymers—A review

Hou, Hongying; Vona, Maria Luisa Di; Knauth, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2012.07.038

Cited by 113 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 164 publications

(204 reference statements)

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“…[13,14] Whereas, temperatures up to 200 8C are not uncommon in these procedures, [15] they can have detrimental effects on the integrity of SPEEK. [16] Generally, thermal changes to SPEEK are reported to occur via three separate processes: [17,18] the removal of absorbed water and solvent (T ¼ 50-150 8C); temperaturepromoted cross-linking, annealing and/or removal of the sulfonic acid group (T ¼ 150-400 8C); and backbone decomposition (T > 400 8C). Especially the second temperature range is of interest, as it is associated with both desired and undesired reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Films: on the Role of Protodesulfonation

Koziara

Kappert

Ogieglo

et al. 2015

Macromol. Mater. Eng.

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Thin film and bulk, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) have been subjected to a thermal treatment at 160–250 °C for up to 15 h. Exposing the films to 160 °C already causes partial desulfonation, and heating to temperatures exceeding 200 °C results in increased conjugation in the material, most likely via a slight cross‐linking by H‐substitution. It is well‐known that the sulfonate proton plays a major role in the desulfonation reactions, and exchanging the protons with other cations can inhibit both protodesulfonation as well as electrophilic cross‐linking reactions of the sulfonate group with other chains. Yet, the implications of such ion‐exchange for the thermal processing of sulfonated polymer films has not been recognized. Our study demonstrates that the ion exchange stabilizes thin films and bulk SPEEK up to temperatures exceeding 200 °C, opening up ways for the thermal processing of SPEEK in the temperature range of 160–220 °C without adverse effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Films: on the Role of Protodesulfonation

Koziara

Kappert

Ogieglo

et al. 2015

Macromol. Mater. Eng.

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“…With the help of the solvation effect, it can dissociate the movable proton for ionic conductivity. Compared with the carboxyl group, sulfonated acid group is more efficient to dissociate the movable protons and to endow the substrate with higher ionic exchange capacity due to its stronger acidity [18,19]. No doubt, functionalization of graphene oxide with sulfonated acid group will result in better ion exchange capacity as well as the proton conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfonated graphene oxide with improved ionic performances

Hou

Liu

et al. 2015

Ionics

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Graphene oxide is well known as a new kind of functional materials because of its super-high specie surface area, mechanical strength, as well as excellent amphipathicity. In this article, graphene oxide was further sulfonated via substitution reaction with diazo salt of sulfanilic in order to endow graphene oxide with better ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity. The microstructure and morphology of the obtained sulfonated graphene oxide were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, and TEM, while the sulfonation of graphene oxide was confirmed by energydispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. As expected, ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity of sulfonated graphene oxide increased by about 0.589 and 33.6 times than those of graphene oxide, respectively.

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“…However this technique consumes eSO 3 H groups that lead to lower proton conductivity compared with the non-crosslinked PEMs. Thus photoinitiator Benzoin Ethyl Ether (BEE) is introduced in the polymer to initiate crosslink by the formation of a CeC bond instead of eSO 3 H [7]. UV-crosslinking SPEEK polymer with biodegradable polymer modifies the hybrid membrane by restricting the mobility of polymer chains hence forming more compact network [6,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%