Building mass spectrometers and a philosophy of research

Amy, J. W.; Baitinger, W. E.; Cooks, R. Graham

doi:10.1016/1044-0305(90)85047-p

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Early MS/MS studies were performed on magnetic‐sector instruments, which operate at kV potentials (Jennings, 1968; Cooks et al, 1973; McLafferty, 1983; Amy, Baitinger, & Cooks, 1990) and it was on such instruments that the first FAB‐MS/MS experiments were performed. MS/MS experiments on sector instruments involve collisions between keV translational energy projectile ions and thermal collision gas atoms (molecules) (de Hoffmann, 1996).…”

Section: Collision‐energy Effects and Charge‐remote Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem mass spectrometry in the study of fatty acids, bile acids, and steroids

Griffiths

2003

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

269

203

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Over the last 50 years, the mass spectrometry of lipids has evolved to become one of the most mature techniques in biomolecule analysis. Many volatile and non-polar lipids are directly amenable to analysis by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), a technique that combines the unsurpassed separation properties of gas-chromatography with the sensitivity and selectivity of electron ionization mass spectrometry. Less volatile and/or thermally labile lipids can be analyzed by GC-MS, following appropriate sample derivatization. However, many complex lipids are not readily analyzed by GC-MS, and it is these molecules that are the subject of the current review. Since the early 1970s, there have been three outstanding developments in mass spectrometry that are particularly appropriate in lipid analysis; i.e., the introduction of (i) fast atom bombardment (FAB); (ii) electrospray (ES); and (iii) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The FAB and ES ionization techniques will be discussed in relation to MS/MS, and examples of their application in biochemical studies will be presented. The review will concentrate on the analysis of fatty acids, bile acids, steroid conjugates, and neutral steroids.

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Section: Collision‐energy Effects and Charge‐remote Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tandem mass spectrometry in the study of fatty acids, bile acids, and steroids

Griffiths

2003

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

269

203

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“…[14][15][16][17][18] These experiments most commonly utilize collision-activated dissociation (CAD), which involves kinetic excitation of an isolated ion to induce nonadiabatic collisions with an inert gas. [14][15][16][17][18] These experiments most commonly utilize collision-activated dissociation (CAD), which involves kinetic excitation of an isolated ion to induce nonadiabatic collisions with an inert gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ta ndem mass spectrometry is ap owerful analytical tool that allows for molecular level characterization of unknown analytes, even if presenti nc omplex mixtures. [14][15][16][17][18] These experiments most commonly utilize collision-activated dissociation (CAD), which involves kinetic excitation of an isolated ion to induce nonadiabatic collisions with an inert gas. These collisions convert part of the kinetic energy of the ion into its internal energy,w hich causes fragmentation [19][20][21] that can provide information about the ion's structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fundamental Tandem Mass Spectrometry Study of the Collision‐Activated Dissociation of Small Deprotonated Molecules Related to Lignin

et al. 2016

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The collision-activated fragmentation pathways and reaction mechanisms of 34 deprotonated model compounds representative of lignin degradation products were explored experimentally and computationally. The compounds were evaporated and ionized by using negative-ion mode electrospray ionization doped with NaOH to produce abundant deprotonated molecules. The ions were isolated and subjected to collision-activated dissociation (CAD). Their fragment ions were then isolated and also subjected to CAD. This was repeated until no further fragmentation was observed (up to MS ). This approach enabled the identification of characteristic reaction pathways and delineation of reasonable fragmentation mechanisms for deprotonated molecules containing various functional groups. The varying fragmentation patterns observed for different types of compounds allow for the identification of the functionalities in these compounds. This information was utilized to identify the presence of specific functionalities and their combinations in molecules in an organosolv lignin sample.

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“…Furthermore, no bias was found for any specific analytes. This reagent is better than the previously reported ClMn (H 2 O) + and CpCo + reagent ions due to its ability to ionize analytes with low ionization energies without the production of multiple product ions or fragment ions [1][2][3]27]. Calculations suggest that the adducts of ClMn + with saturated hydrocarbons are bound via a relatively strong agostic interaction of the manganese center with a CÀ ÀH bond while the adducts withoxygen-containing analytes involve dative bonding.Collision-activated dissociation of the ClMn + adduct ions proceeds via several different pathways, depending on the structure of the analyte.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Mass spectrometry is well suited for analysis of complex mixtures without prior separation [1][2][3] if careful attention is paid to choosing a suitable ionization method. An ionization method well suited for mixture analysis should ionize different types of analytes by forming only one type of ion per analyte that contains the intact analyte molecule.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas-phase reactions of a novel chemical ionization reagent, ClMn2+, with polar and nonpolar analytes in a linear quadrupole ion trap

Jarrell

Riedeman

Kenttämaa

2015

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry

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A chemical ionization reagent ion, ClMn 2 + , has been identified for the analysis of mixtures of organic compounds since it allows ionization of both polar and nonpolar analytes so that only one product ion, ClMn + adduct of the analyte, is generated without fragmentation. The reagent ion is formed upon ionization of ClMn(CO) 5 via corona discharge in an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source of a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Volatile analytes were introduced into the ion trap via a reagent mixing manifold. Nonvolatile analytes were deposited on a titanium foil and desorbed usinglaser-induced acoustic desorption (LIAD). Formation of a ClMn + adduct with no accompanying fragmentation was observed for all analytes, including branched saturated hydrocarbons. Calculations indicate that ClMn + binds to saturated hydrocarbons via an agostic interaction involving the manganese center and a CÀ ÀH bond of the analyte. The reagent ion Mn + was also investigated. This ion forms a stable adduct with most analytes studied. It binds fairly strongly to saturated hydrocarbons via two agostic interactions with two CÀ ÀH bonds instead of insertion into a CÀ ÀH bond. However, it was found to cause fragmentation for alcohols. ClMn(H 2 O) + has been previously shown to ionize most compounds by ClMn + adduct formation but also to yield molecular ions for amines due to their low ionization energies (<8.3 eV). However, electron transfer was not observed upon ionization of amines with the reagents reported here. The CpCo + ion has been reported earlier to ionize most saturated hydrocarbons without fragmentation. However, it induces CÀ ÀC bond cleavages for highly branched alkanes upon ionization. This was not observed for the reagent ions studied here. ClMn 2 + ion is a more universal ionization reagent than Mn + and the previously reported reagent ions due to its ability to ionize analytes with low ionization energies without electron transfer and due to the complete lack of fragmentation for all analytes. Furthermore, based on the examination of six very different analytes, it has no significant bias toward specific types of analytes.

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Building mass spectrometers and a philosophy of research

Cited by 32 publications

References 60 publications

Tandem mass spectrometry in the study of fatty acids, bile acids, and steroids

Tandem mass spectrometry in the study of fatty acids, bile acids, and steroids

A Fundamental Tandem Mass Spectrometry Study of the Collision‐Activated Dissociation of Small Deprotonated Molecules Related to Lignin

Gas-phase reactions of a novel chemical ionization reagent, ClMn2+, with polar and nonpolar analytes in a linear quadrupole ion trap

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