Building peace in hybrid spaces: women's agency in Iraqi NGOs

Henrizi, Annika

doi:10.1080/21647259.2014.969510

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This dichotomizing approach generates weak descriptions and explanations of PSBI outcomes. Contrary to commonplace discussions of clashing local and international paradigms, Henrizi () shows how local Iraqi women's NGOs co‐opted international spaces to resist attempts by other locals to reimpose strict patriarchy. Similarly, in Burundi, international state builders promoted the decentralization of conflict‐resolution to traditional, local institutions, but this was resisted by the national government which instead promoted local ‘hill councils’ (Hirblinger and Simons, : 430–4).…”

Section: The Limits Of Hybriditymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, ‘local’ youths and women in the same village, fearing renewed repression, may resist this and instead favour the emergence of strong national‐scale powers more favourable to their own liberation. They may be supported by national‐level political elites seeking to strengthen their authority against subnational challengers, who may in turn solicit other PSBI projects that will achieve this end (for examples, see case study below and Henrizi, ; Hirblinger and Simons, ; Visoka, ).…”

Section: Beyond Hybridity: the Politics Of Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond Hybridity to the Politics of Scale: International Intervention and ‘Local’ Politics

Hameiri¹,

Jones²

2017

Development and Change

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The evident failures of international peacebuilding and statebuilding interventions (PSBIs) have recently prompted a focus on the interaction between interventions and target societies and states. Especially popular has been the 'hybridity' approach, which understands forms of peace and governance emerging through the mixing of local and international agendas and institutions. This article argues that hybridity is a highly problematic optic. Despite contrary claims, hybridity scholarship falsely dichotomizes 'local' and 'international' ideal-typical assemblages, and incorrectly presents outcomes as stemming from conflict and accommodation between them. Scholarship in political geography and state theory provides better tools for explaining PSBIs' outcomes as reflecting socio-political contestation over power and resources. We theorize PSBIs as involving a politics of scale, where different social forces promote and resist alternative scales and modes of governance, depending on their interests and agendas. Contestation between these forces, which may be located at different scales and involved in complex, tactical, multi-scalar alliances, explains the uneven outcomes of international intervention. We demonstrate this using a case study of East Timor, focusing on decentralization and land policy.

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Section: The Limits Of Hybriditymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Beyond Hybridity: the Politics Of Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Hybridity to the Politics of Scale: International Intervention and ‘Local’ Politics

Hameiri¹,

Jones²

2017

Development and Change

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“…Während das Lokale implizit als abgrenzbarer Ort im Sinne eines Territoriums verstanden wird auf welches das Globale einwirkt, gilt das Globale und Internationale -das Externe -als fließend, und nicht an einen bestimmten geographischen Ort gebunden (vgl. dazu ausführlich Henrizi, 2015 If space is a product of practices, trajectories, interrelations, if we make space through interactions at all levels, from the (so-called) local to the (socalled) global, then those spatial identities such as places, regions, nations, and the local and the global, must be forged in this relational way too, as internally complex, essentially unboundable in any absolute sense, and inevitably historically changing (Massey, 2004:5 (Massey, 2004(Massey, :5f, 1991a(Massey, :28, 1991b. "Grundsätzlich werden mit einem relationalen Raumbegriff Beziehungsgeflechte zwischen verschiedenen Dimensionen des Raumes ins Zentrum gestellt.…”

Section: Beziehungenunclassified

Externe Expertise und lokale Wirklichkeit – Ambivalenzen des lokal-global-Paradigmas im Irak am Beispiel irakischer Frauenorganisationen

Henrizi

2017

Geogr. Helv.

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Kurzfassung. External intervention in Iraq has been widely criticised by practitioners and academics: The armed invasion of the US and its allies in 2003 aimed at toppling the Baath Regime and transforming Iraq into a democratic country. While it succeeded in ending the Baath regime, Iraq is far from doing well concerning security, economy and political progress. This situation is often represented as at least partly due to the failure of the US to integrate local perspectives and to pay attention to local needs. Against that backdrop the paper analyses how local actors -in my case non-governmental women's organisations -perceive and interact with international actors and knowledge frameworks. My empirical data show that the assessment of external engagement from a local perspective is far more ambivalent than a binary reading of local vs. external/global as persistent in peace and conflict studies suggests. I break with this binary reading by introducing three concepts to this debaterelations, heterogeneity and assessment of external actors. Thus, I aim to draw a more nuanced picture of the role of external expertises for the Iraqi society as it is perceived by women activists.

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“…NGOs wurden teilweise vorrangig mit dem Ziel gegründet, in Programme internationaler Geldgeber_innen zu gelangen (Al-Ali 2003, 2008b; eigene Interviews). Die interviewten Frauen sehen das Handeln internationaler NGOs nach 2003 -insbesondere den Import von Agenden -durchaus kritisch (Henrizi 2015); ihre Haltung gegenüber den Organisationen ist sehr divers; die Zusammenarbeit mit internationalen Geldgeber_innen lässt mittlerweile auch Handlungsspielräume zu, die Frauen nutzen können, insbesondere in der Ausgestaltung von Projekten wie Beratungsstellen für Opfer von Gewalt. Es gibt aber Vorwürfe, die Frauen in ihren diskursiven und praktischen Räumen beschränken: Obwohl sich Aktivistinnen jeweils auf die eigene, lokale Historie des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements von Frauen berufen, sind sie immer wieder dem Vorwurf ausgesetzt, westlich indoktriniert zu sein.…”

Section: Frauen In (Post-)konfliktgesellschaftenunclassified

Geschlechterverhältnisse und Wandel: Perspektiven und Strategien irakischer Frauenorganisationen

Henrizi¹

2017

GENDER

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"Seit der Invasion der USA ist der Irak immer wieder von gewaltsamen Konflikten erschüttert worden. Feministische Autorinnen haben eindrücklich auf die schwierige Situation von Frauen in der irakischen Transformationsgesellschaft hingewiesen. Trotzdem sind Frauen zivilgesellschaftlich aktiv und setzten sich für gesellschaftlichen Wandel ein. Aus der Perspektive irakischer Informantinnen ist die schwierige Situation von Frauen im Irak eng mit problematischen Entwicklungen auf gesamtgesellschaftlicher Ebene verbunden. Strategien zur Veränderung ihrer Situation, auch im Hinblick auf Geschlechterverhältnisse, sind daher in breitere Konzepte von Wandel eingebettet. Daten aus eigener Feldforschung im Irak zeigen, dass Ideen von Wandel stark durch die soziale Positionierung von Frauen (insbesondere Geschlecht, Nationalität und Schicht) geprägt sind. In die Analyse der qualitativen Studie wird daher ein intersektionaler Ansatz nach Floya Anthias integriert." (Autorenreferat)"Since the US invasion in 2003, Iraq has faced multiple outbreaks of violent conflicts. In that context, feminist authors have stressed the extremely difficult situation of women in an Iraqi society that is undergoing transformation. Despite the difficulties that women are facing, they are actively engaging in change and the transformation of gender relations through NGO activism. As women feel that their situation is closely connected to issues that affect Iraqi society as a whole, strategies for changing gender relations are therefore embedded within broader concepts of social change. An empirical analysis of my own field research conducted in Iraq reveals that ideas about change are strongly influenced by the social positionality of women (in particular gender, nationality and class). Therefore, an intersectional approach (based on Floya Anthias) is incorporated into the qualitative analysis." (author's abstract

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Building peace in hybrid spaces: women's agency in Iraqi NGOs

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Beyond Hybridity to the Politics of Scale: International Intervention and ‘Local’ Politics

Beyond Hybridity to the Politics of Scale: International Intervention and ‘Local’ Politics

Externe Expertise und lokale Wirklichkeit – Ambivalenzen des lokal-global-Paradigmas im Irak am Beispiel irakischer Frauenorganisationen

Geschlechterverhältnisse und Wandel: Perspektiven und Strategien irakischer Frauenorganisationen

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