“…At the institution-to-institution level, the local institution serves as the mediator bridging the foreign educational resources and the local contexts, and the foreign institution adapts to local conditions with trust and restrained power. At the institution-to-student level, developing a share-culture in management and quality assurance is significance for the sustainability of TNE, since the Western institutions take an egalitarian student-centered approach while the Southeast Asian countries prefer hierarchical structures embracing control over students and the actions of faculty ( Mirkasimov et al, 2021 ). In this case, both institutions adopt the egalitarian student-centered approach in programming, which can be found in the process of classroom teaching, assessment and other service management activities.…”