Building Resilience to Mass Trauma Events

Pfefferbaum, Betty; Reissman, Dori B.; Pfefferbaum, Rose L.; Klomp, Richard W.; Gurwitch, Robin H.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-29457-5_19

Cited by 144 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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INTRODUCTIONBuilding community resilience, or the capability to rebound from a disaster (Pfefferbaum et al, 2005), is a cornerstone of national health security. Recent regional meetings with stakeholders to develop the National Health Security Strategy (NHSS) revealed that questions remain unanswered as to how to develop and measure a community's resilience in the face of manmade and natural threats.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Community Resilience in the Context of National Health Security: A Literature Review

Chandra¹,

Acosta²,

Meredith³

et al. 2010

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INTRODUCTIONBuilding community resilience, or the capability to rebound from a disaster (Pfefferbaum et al., 2005), is a cornerstone of national health security. Recent regional meetings with stakeholders to develop the National Health Security Strategy (NHSS) revealed that questions remain unanswered as to how to develop and measure a community's resilience in the face of manmade and natural threats. To date, we have many theoretical models articulating factors that contribute to community resilience Pfefferbaum et al., 2007;Pfefferbaum et al., 2008) such as community cohesion and the ability to marshal resources quickly, but we have less empirical evidence about what constitutes the integral components of resiliency. Despite a limited evidence base, enhanced resilience is considered critical to mitigating vulnerabilities, reducing negative health consequences, and rapidly restoring community functioning. According to the Homeland Security Presidential Directive-21 (HSPD-21), resilience is essential to limiting the need for prolonged assistance post disaster. In order to improve resilience, Bruneau (2003) argues that communities must build capabilities that are characterized by robustness (the ability to withstand stress), redundancy (resource diversity), and rapidity (the ability to mobilize resources quickly). These efforts ensure that communities (and especially those with resource poor neighborhoods) will have the ability during an event to respond quickly, even when critical parts of the community are severely impacted, and to return to normal functioning with little delay.Despite an understanding that community resilience is critical, the stakeholders responsible for ensuring national health security (both government and non-governmental organizations) do not have a working definition or a clear understanding of how to measure resilience for health security. Further, we have limited information about key strategies to enhance resilience. This literature review synthesizes the existing evidence base on resilience to identify drivers for health-related emergency planning. The review lays a foundation for upcoming analyses that will provide a working definition of community resilience, identify activities for building resilience, and offer associated metrics. These activities and metrics will be integrated into the NHSS implementation plan. (BENS 2009;SERRI/CARRI 2009), far less is understood about community resilience in the context of national health security (National health security is achieved when the Nation and its people are prepared for, protected from, respond effectively to, and able to recover from incidents with potentially negative health consequences). Further, many of the articles and reports are based on theoretical and somewhat complicated frameworks with less attention to core components that can be operationalized for action. Given the focus of the NHSS on strengthening resilience over the next four years, it is essential to consider the core components of resilience that may contribute ...

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confidence: 99%

Understanding Community Resilience in the Context of National Health Security: A Literature Review

Chandra¹,

Acosta²,

Meredith³

et al. 2010

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“…• Citizen participation (4 • ) A strong emphasis was placed on strengthening the role of the public and communities in building resilience, which is also stressed in the literature [12,[60][61][62]. For example, participants indicated that community member participation in collective actions needs to be increased; there is a need for community action to improve and broaden citizen engagement, and public awareness should also be increased, consistent with what the literature states [63,64].…”

Section: The Social Sub-systemmentioning

confidence: 88%

Unpacking Resilience for Adaptation: Incorporating Practitioners’ Experiences through a Transdisciplinary Approach to the Case of Drought in Chile

et al. 2016

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Current debate on the implementation of resilience in addressing climatic impacts calls for more pragmatic means of reducing losses. In this study we aimed to generate context-specific knowledge about resilience factors for addressing the impacts of drought, with the expectation that bringing forth experiential knowledge on how impacts were addressed in the past would shed light on what constitutes key resilience factors for practitioners working in urban contexts. The study was carried in three of the largest cities in Chile: Santiago, Concepción, and Valdivia. The analytical framework consists of urban and regional resilience incorporating transdisciplinary approaches applying the Resilience-Wheel tool, combined with participatory methods for the co-production of knowledge and qualitative content analysis of documents and workshops. Results show that key determinants of building resilience to drought were: improving education and access to information, enhancing preparedness, promoting technology transfer, reinforcing organizational linkages and collaboration, decentralizing governance, and encouraging citizen participation. The Resilience-Wheel was useful for navigating the conceptual complexity and diversity of perspectives inherent among social actors. The transdisciplinary approach allowed us to co-produce key knowledge that can be applied to build resilience in future, through a bottom-up approach that bridges the science-policy interface.

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“…To build and maintain health, communities must engage in economic development and reduce social and economic inequities. According to Pfefferbaum et al (2005), resilience and, ultimately, community health and well-being depend on ongoing investments in physical resources, such as schools, health facilities, job training programs, and neighborhood development. …”

Section: Social and Economic Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building a National Culture of Health: Background, Action Framework, Measures, and Next Steps

Chandra¹,

Acosta²,

Carman³

et al. 2016

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Building Resilience to Mass Trauma Events

Cited by 144 publications

References 23 publications

Understanding Community Resilience in the Context of National Health Security: A Literature Review

Understanding Community Resilience in the Context of National Health Security: A Literature Review

Unpacking Resilience for Adaptation: Incorporating Practitioners’ Experiences through a Transdisciplinary Approach to the Case of Drought in Chile

Building a National Culture of Health: Background, Action Framework, Measures, and Next Steps

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