Building Resilient Health Systems: Patient Safety during COVID-19 and Lessons for the Future

Narwal, Sharda; Jain, Susmit

doi:10.1177/0972063421994935

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Hospitals do not have enough space for patients and medical facilities. We agree with Narwhal & Jain that recently said "Build resilient health systems" (Narwal & Jain, 2021). We observed the relationship between individuals and general health indices with environmental and ecosystem factors.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

The Post-Covid-19 Era Requires Maximum Urban Resilience

Shahraki¹

2021

Preprint

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This paper reviews the low-resilience problem in many cities, poor designs of cities to cope with disasters, and the need for tolerance of urban constructions. It explores answers concerning the question of how shall we build cities resiliently? The method of this applied research is a multiphase process that considers all physical and socioeconomic elements of a city. It introduces six indicator groups of urban management (M), economy (E), built environments (U), Infrastructures (I), natural environments (N), and health protection (H). The groups include 55 indicators as variables in the mathematical calculations in this paper. This paper builds a mathematical model to maximize the profitability of resilient buildings by optimizing investments in the required projects. The projects will upgrade the firmness and tolerance of cities against nature-based and human-made dangers and risks. There is a linear programming in 55 variables to select optimal solutions from fifty-five factorial alternatives. Then, the programming will develop into non-linear programming. The unique innovation of this paper is its linear programming interpretation by non-linear to give optimal solutions for the problem. Applying the Lagrange function in the Kuhn-Tucker conditions proves the accuracy of the hypothesis that post-COVID urbanization requires maximum resilience. Only in this way, the urban economies will be free of risks. Outcomes in this paper will assist in the pre-planning, design, and building of built environments everywhere resilient and sustainable.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

The Post-Covid-19 Era Requires Maximum Urban Resilience

Shahraki¹

2021

Preprint

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“…The WHO has provided clear guidelines for infection control (IC) during healthcare when COVID-19 is suspected or confirmed [ 118 ]. Patient safety was investigated in a systematic review of Indian-related studies [ 119 ]. Patient safety was negatively impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic due to inadequate preparation of the healthcare system, such as infrastructure and human and material resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review: the dimensions to evaluate health care performance and an implication during the pandemic

Amer

Hammoud

Khatatbeh

et al. 2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background The balanced scorecard (BSC) has been implemented to evaluate the performance of health care organizations (HCOs). BSC proved to be effective in improving financial performance and patient satisfaction. Aim This systematic review aims to identify all the perspectives, dimensions, and KPIs that are vital and most frequently used by health care managers in BSC implementations. Methods This systematic review adheres to PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases and Google search engine were inspected to find all implementations of BSC at HCO. The risk of bias was assessed using the nonrandomized intervention studies (ROBINS-I) tool to evaluate the quality of observational and quasi-experimental studies and the Cochrane (RoB 2) tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results There were 33 eligible studies, of which we identified 36 BSC implementations. The categorization and regrouping of the 797 KPIs resulted in 45 subdimensions. The reassembly of these subdimensions resulted in 13 major dimensions: financial, efficiency and effectiveness, availability and quality of supplies and services, managerial tasks, health care workers' (HCWs) scientific development error-free and safety, time, HCW-centeredness, patient-centeredness, technology, and information systems, community care and reputation, HCO building, and communication. On the other hand, this review detected that BSC design modification to include external and managerial perspectives was necessary for many BSC implementations. Conclusion This review solves the KPI categorization dilemma. It also guides researchers and health care managers in choosing dimensions for future BSC implementations and performance evaluations in general. Consequently, dimension uniformity will improve the data sharing and comparability among studies. Additionally, despite the pandemic negatively influencing many dimensions, the researchers observed a lack of comprehensive HCO performance evaluations. In the same vein, although some resulting dimensions were assessed separately during the pandemic, other dimensions still lack investigation. Last, BSC dimensions may play an essential role in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, further research is required to investigate the BSC implementation effect in mitigating the pandemic consequences on HCO.

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“…Sustained, long-term investment in public health systems, particularly infrastructure and human resources, is noted as widely lacking in many systems. 13,14,17,17,18,20,23,29,[63][64][65][66] The presumed result is a system that is less flexible and less able to mobilise surge capacity. 64 Although large amounts of financial resources have been allocated to public health and health systems for COVID-19, it has often been in the context of previous periods of austerity, underfunding, and streamlining to create more efficient medical systems.…”

Section: Covid-19 Through the Dimensions Of Resilience Governance Fra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-evaluating Our Knowledge of Health System Resilience During COVID-19: Lessons From the First Two Years of the Pandemic

Saulnier

Duchenko

Ottilie-Kovelman

et al. 2022

Int J Health Policy Manag

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Background: Health challenges like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are becoming increasingly complex, transnational, and unpredictable. Studying health system responses to the COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to enhance our understanding of health system resilience and establish a clearer link between theoretical concepts and practical ideas on how to build resilience. Methods: This narrative literature review aims to address four questions using a health system resilience framework: (i) What do we understand about the dimensions of resilience? (ii) What aspects of the resilience dimensions remain uncertain? (iii) What aspects of the resilience dimensions are missing from the COVID-19 discussions? and (iv) What has COVID-19 taught us about resilience that is missing from the framework? A scientific literature database search was conducted in December 2020 and in April 2022 to identify publications that discussed health system resilience in relation to COVID-19, excluding articles on psychological and other types of resilience. A total of 63 publications were included. Results: There is good understanding around information sharing, flexibility and good leadership, learning, maintaining essential services, and the need for legitimate, interdependent systems. Decision-making, localized trust, influences on interdependence, and transformation remain uncertain. Vertical interdependence, monitoring risks beyond the health system, and consequences of changes on the system were not discussed. Teamwork, actor legitimacy, values, inclusivity, trans-sectoral resilience, and the role of the private sector are identified as lessons from COVID-19 that should be further explored for health system resilience. Conclusion: Knowledge of health system resilience has continued to cohere following the pandemic. The eventual consequences of system changes and the resilience of subsystems are underexplored. Through governance, the concept of health system resilience can be linked to wider issues raised by the pandemic, like inclusivity. Our findings show the utility of resilience theory for strengthening health systems for crises and the benefit of continuing to refine existing resilience theory.

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Building Resilient Health Systems: Patient Safety during COVID-19 and Lessons for the Future

Cited by 22 publications

References 74 publications

The Post-Covid-19 Era Requires Maximum Urban Resilience

The Post-Covid-19 Era Requires Maximum Urban Resilience

A systematic review: the dimensions to evaluate health care performance and an implication during the pandemic

Re-evaluating Our Knowledge of Health System Resilience During COVID-19: Lessons From the First Two Years of the Pandemic

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