“…It has generally been considered a traditional sector with low productivity (Ma and Liu, 2016;Ghodrati, et al, 2018;Hasan, et al, 2018;Xiong, Newton and Skitmore, 2019), especially the lowest productivity gains over the last decades (Deloitte, 2019), high staff turnover (Ayodele, Chang-Richards and González, 2020), skills shortages (Chang-Richards, et al, 2017;Kim, Chang and Castro-Lacouture, 2020), loss and lack of collaboration among partners (Deep, Gajendran and Jefferies, 2019), and slow adoption of digital technologies and innovation (Chancellor, Abbott and Carson, 2015;Delgado, et al, 2019;Olanipekun and Sutrisna, 2021). The construction sector is also susceptible to economic fluctuations (Ercan, 2019). For example, the construction sector suffers from capacity constraints such as resources and expertise in high-demand periods.…”