Building Typology In Kosovo Based On It's Thermal Characteristics

Abstract

Each country should develop it's own building typology. For this purpose the state must have a system of classification defined by year of construction, building function and size of the existing buildings. It should then find examples that represent that category. The relevant data of these objects (external walls, windows, exterior doors, roof and slab above the ground), along with their respective photographs of buildings create countries typology. Its importance lies in the fact that when the object is being renovated regarding energy savings, rising the comfort or simply to maintain the structure of the building must know in advance some of the features of the building that are typical for its type.A typical classification of building stock will give professionals preliminary data for quick calculations on the potential energy savings, sustainability of the building structure, historical values etc. This paper will present the first steps in Kosovo for creating building typology and its application by analyzing existing projects in this field that were conducted from Kosovo Government, World Bank, EU and other NGO o r Companies. The paper will also give best solutions for improving thermal characteristics by implementing Energy efficiency (EE) measures. It will also show what are these measures and how will they affect heat transmission and energy consumption in general.

Measuring embodied CO2 emission in construction materials in Kosovo apartments

“…Massive building system was widely used during this period with baring walls constructed from full brick and different wall thickness in each floor with larger thickness in lower floors. This construction system is used to construct buildings from the Ottoman period (considered building heritage) and the early Communist period (Hoxha et al , 2013).…”

“…Hence, perimeter walls are usually 25–30 cm thick and openings or glass mass are unlimited in size. With no bearing walls, buildings rise to significant height (Hoxha et al , 2013).…”

“…In the third period of emergency reconstruction, walls were left un-insulated while thermal insulation was only installed in the new ceiling because it was less expensive than constructing a new concrete slab. Finally, in the fourth period after 2003, the new buildings constructed implement thermal measures in the building envelope meeting different standards of energy conservation (Hoxha et al , 2013).…”

“…Windows installed during the 1960s and the 1970s are double pane windows with single glass, while during the 1980s double glassed windows with aluminum frame were introduced. PVC Windows were introduced after 2003 (Hoxha et al , 2013).…”

Measuring energy heating performance of apartment buildings in Kosovo built after 2003

“…Given their wall thickness, and small window openings, these buildings have solid thermal characteristics but less lighting comfort. Massive building system was widely used during this period with baring walls constructed from full brick and different wall thickness in each floor with larger thickness in lower floors (Hoxha et al , 2013).…”