Poor interfacial bonding between stainless steel wire and the inner and outer layer resin matrix significantly affects the mechanical performance of braid-reinforced composite hollow fiber tube, especially torsion control. In this work, a coating of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) deposited on the surface of stainless steel wire greatly enhanced the mechanical performance of braid-reinforced composite hollow fiber tube. This method takes advantage of the hydrogen bonding between polyether block amide (PEBA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for surface modification of stainless steel wire, as well as the good compatibility between PEBA and TPU. The mechanical properties of composited tubes demonstrate that the interlaminar shear strength, modulus of elasticity, and torque transmission properties were enhanced by 27.8%, 42.1%, and 41.4%, respectively. The results indicating that the interfacial adhesion between the coated stainless steel wire and the inner and outer matrix was improved. In addition, the interfacial properties of composite hollow fiber tube before and after coating was characterized by the optical microscope, and results show that the interfacial adhesion properties of the modified stainless steel wire reinforced resin matrix composites were greatly improved.Polymers 2020, 12, 381 2 of 12 Among these fiber-reinforced materials, the excellent ductility of stainless steel wire enables it to absorb more impact energy during the fiber crushing process and have higher deformability. At the same time, due to its excellent fatigue resistance and low creep, steel wire braided-reinforced tubes have better operating performance. Compared to carbon fiber and other reinforcing materials, stainless steel wire has slightly lower breaking strength and lower cost [7][8][9][10]. Based on these advantages, stainless steel wire has been widely applied in fiber-reinforced composites. Braided-reinforced composite tube essentially acts as a composite material, composed of inner and outer layers of a base material, and an intermediate braided layer, as shown in Figure 1a. However, the joints of stainless steel wire make it easy for slippage to occur between the wire and the inner and outer resin (Figure 1b), which leads to a reduction of the torque transmission performance. The shear modulus is the main factor that determines the torsional strength of hollow fiber tubes. The higher the shear modulus, the better the torsional strength. Currently, the torsional strength of composite hollow fiber tubes is mainly adjusted by the design of the braided structure, such as increasing the strength, number of strands, number of layers of braided stainless steel wire, and so on. However, as in other composite materials, the interfacial interaction is the key factor influencing the mechanical performance of the materials. The resin and fibers are bonded to each other via a two-phase interface, which acts as a bridge between the reinforcement and the matrix, playing a role in stress transmission [11,12].