Buildings Participation in Resilience Enhancement of Community Microgrids: Synergy Between Microgrid and Building Management Systems

Abstract

Military bases, communities, and university-scale microgrids are being implemented to serve critical loads of high priority. Remote switch scheduling and distributed energy resources (DERs) operation strategies for post-disaster service restoration have been explored in previous literature. Flexible buildings offer the central microgrid management system an opportunity to ensure available energy is directed to the critical loads. This work presents a novel bi-level optimal sequence of operations for managing the controllable devices in small-scale microgrids to serve loads based on a priority scheme in campus-scale microgrids. This study introduces a technique for step-by-step restoration of customers' granular loads. After and during an outage scenario, the facilities' internal loads are energized in sequence according to their customer and local criticality levels, as well as the amount of energy available from the bulk system and DERs. The proposed methodology is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model and adapts to various operating conditions. The proposed method is validated by performing controller hardwarein-loop (CHIL) case studies on the Banshee microgrid benchmark model on a real-time simulator.

Optimal Operation of Microgrids With Worst-Case Renewable Energy Outage: A Mixed-Integer Bi-Level Model

“…Figure (9) illustrates a comparison between the initial network loads and the changed loads in the demand-side management program. As can be seen, the peak load has been reduced in the demand side management program.…”

“…In [8], a framework based on an integrated stochastic optimization model has been proposed for joint operation and maintenance in a multimicrogrid environment, with the objective of enhancing resilience. In [9], an approach based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP) has been proposed for enabling buildings to participate in enhancing microgrid resilience by leveraging synergies between microgrid and building management systems. In [10], a generic method based on AC load flow is proposed for optimizing networks by incorporating distributed energy resources, with the objective of reducing power losses.…”

“…With the formulations ( 5)-( 6), the master problem is created by: 1) duplicating the lower-level variables (show by w ′ n and r ′ n ) and constraints in the upper-level model; and 2) replacing the lower-level model (in iteration n) of a fixed realization wj n ∈ W ⊆ W by its Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions (continuous primal variables are marked by rj n , and dual variables by λ j n and µ j n ). The master problem's dense form is suggested within the algorithm description (see (9) below and also [35]). In the following, the steps of the modified column-and-constraint generation decomposition method are given to solve the whole bi-level optimization model.…”

Design and Performance Analysis of a Grid-Connected Distributed Wind Turbine

“…THHN and TFFN are two types of electrical wiring that are commonly used in PMA construction. THHN stands for Thermoplastic High Heat-Resistant Nylon-Coated, and it is a type of single conductor electrical wire [11,54]. It is rated for 600 volts and 90 • C, and it is designed to withstand high temperatures.…”

Performance analysis and effect of pandemic condition on utility grid connected PV system

“…-Owolabi et al [4] analyzed mono crystalline type has better yield compared with poly crystalline type silicon panels for the PV system located in South Korea. -Chamana et al [5] using mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model and controller hardware inloop (CHIL) using resilience-oriented optimization algorithm, different micro grid types are implemented to serve critical loads at high priority like building level energy management under emergency conditions at military bases. -Masrur et al [6] analyzed techno-economic evaluations like net present value (NPC) levelized cost of energy (LOCE) for optimally tilted PV system located at Hatiya, Bangladesh, and concluded that the power exchange cost is lower than the value of the derating factor.…”