Built Environment and Childhood Weight Status: A Multi-Level Study Using Population-Based Data in the City of Hannover, Germany

Zhou, Yusheng; Buck, Christoph; Maier, Werner; Lengerke, Thomas von; Walter, Ulla; Dreier, Maren

doi:10.3390/ijerph17082694

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Community planning provides the policy foundation for zoning codes and services which meet children’s needs [ 20 , 21 ]. Most studies focus on the relation between the physical built environment and child health, such as streets and sidewalks to ensure walkability [ 8 , 22 , 23 ], neighborhood characteristics such as mixed use and access to play spaces [ 9 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and housing characteristics [ 13 , 29 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Places for Children: The Critical Role of Engagement, Common Vision, and Collaboration

Warner

Zhang

2020

IJERPH

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Planning plays a critical role in promoting healthy communities for children. We conducted a national survey of United States (US) cities and counties in 2019 and found only half of the 1312 responding communities report they give attention to the needs of children in their community plans. Those that do, provide more services and have more child-friendly zoning codes. We use a human ecological framework to build structural equation models of child-friendly zoning and services. We find communities with more engagement of families with children and youth and a common vision across generational, race, and ethnic lines report higher levels of child-friendly zoning and services. Collaboration between health providers and schools builds trust and leads to more services. However, child-friendly zoning is lower in communities with higher child poverty, and in suburbs and rural areas. Our results support a dynamic human ecological model where the processes of collaboration, inclusion, and engagement are key to creating healthy places for children. These processes may be especially important in addressing the unique challenges of suburban and rural communities.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Places for Children: The Critical Role of Engagement, Common Vision, and Collaboration

Warner

Zhang

2020

IJERPH

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“…For example, although the walkability score (e.g., intersection density and land use mix) was calculated and identified as positively correlated with PA among children in Spain, 25,27 Australia, 26 the United States 31,32 and New Zealand, 29 this correlation was not found in two other studies conducted in Scotland 30 and Germany 33 . Furthermore, the correlation between walkability scores and obesity is far from conclusive: Although the negative correlation between walkability scores and the childhood obesity index (e.g., BMI) was found to be significant in the United States 34,35 and Malaysia, 36 this correlation was not significant in Germany 37 . In addition, one study showed that the walkability score was positively associated with the risk of overweight or obesity in England 38 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Walkability indices and childhood obesity: A review of epidemiologic evidence

Chen

Wang

et al. 2020

Obesity Reviews

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Summary The lack of an active neighbourhood living environment can impact community health to a great extent. One such impact manifests in walkability, a measure of urban design in connecting places and facilitating physical activity. Although a low level of walkability is generally considered to be a risk factor for childhood obesity, this association has not been established in obesity research. To further examine this association, we conducted a literature search on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus for articles published until 31 December 2018. The included literature examined the association between measures of walkability (e.g., walkability score and walkability index) and weight‐related behaviours and/or outcomes among children aged under 18 years. A total of 13 studies conducted in seven countries were identified, including 12 cross‐sectional studies and one longitudinal study. The sample size ranged from 98 to 37 460, with a mean of 4971 ± 10 618, and the age of samples ranged from 2 to 18. Eight studies reported that a higher level of walkability was associated with active lifestyles and healthy weight status, which was not supported by five studies. In addition to reviewing the state‐of‐the‐art of applications of walkability indices in childhood obesity studies, this study also provides guidance on when and how to use walkability indices in future obesity‐related research.

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“…Nevertheless, there is a lack of quantitative regulations on the service level of children's activity venues. This lack of children's activity venues will have a negative impact on children's PA levels and potentially result in serious health problems for children [51][52][53]. Increasing the supply of children's activity venues in parks and improving the accessibility of children's activity venues could be an effective way to improve the deteriorating trend of children's health [54,55].…”

Section: Quantitative Evaluation Can Provide a Basis For The Optimiza...mentioning

confidence: 99%

National Fitness Evaluation of Urban Parks in the National Ecological Garden City: A Case Study in Baoji, China

Tian

Ning

Ren

et al. 2022

Land

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Urban parks are important places for residents to engage in physical activity (PA). Properly designed fitness facilities play a positive role in the PA level of park users. We conducted a quantitative evaluation of urban park systems based on the revised Chinese version of ParkScore (RCPS) from the perspective of national fitness. Baoji, one of the first National Ecological Garden Cities (NEGCs), was selected as a case study. We analyzed 19 parks and found that comprehensive parks and sports parks obtained high evaluation scores. The area of fitness facilities in Baoji urban parks was low, with an average of 1.85 hm2 per park. Professional sports venues and multifunctional sports venues each accounted for about one-third and children’s activity venues for about a quarter. There were many national fitness stations, but they covered a small area. Only 16% of parks had fitness trails, which was the least represented type of fitness facility. About 40% of the parks had children’s activity venues, with a 1:2 ratio of PA venue to amusement area. The area of free open venues accounted for only 0.1% of the total area of the parks. The number of parks per capita was about 52% of the overall NEGCs, accessibility of 500 m was 34%, and of 1000 m was about 54%. Overall, we found that the supply of Baoji urban parks was insufficient. These results directly reflect differences among fitness facilities in urban parks and can help form a quantitative basis for the optimization of urban park systems and advance the national fitness plan and promote public health.

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Built Environment and Childhood Weight Status: A Multi-Level Study Using Population-Based Data in the City of Hannover, Germany

Cited by 15 publications

References 59 publications

Healthy Places for Children: The Critical Role of Engagement, Common Vision, and Collaboration

Healthy Places for Children: The Critical Role of Engagement, Common Vision, and Collaboration

Walkability indices and childhood obesity: A review of epidemiologic evidence

National Fitness Evaluation of Urban Parks in the National Ecological Garden City: A Case Study in Baoji, China

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