Built-up expansion between 2001 and 2011 in South America continues well beyond the cities

Andrade‐Núñez, María José; Aide, T. Mitchell

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aad2e3

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These interactions between urban and peri-urban areas tend to be stronger in the case of small and medium cities [73]. For example, the small and medium urban centers tend to rely on agricultural produce from their peri-urban areas more than their larger counterparts [72,74]. Also, it is common in peri-urban regions in developing countries for people to commute to work between the city and their villages or towns nearby [75,76].…”

Section: What Types Of Land Covers Are Lost To Urban Expansion?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in urban land expansion, density, and land transitions from 1970 to 2010: a global synthesis

Güneralp

Reba

Hales

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Lett.

283

102

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The physical expansion of urban areas lead to lasting impacts on landscapes and livelihoods. Here, we conduct a global synthesis of trends in urban land expansion, in urban population densities, and lands converted into urban from 1970 to 2010. We find that small-medium urban areas lead their larger counterparts in both rates of urban land expansion and decreases in urban population densities. Urban population densities have consistently declined only in India, China, North America, and Europe with significant exceptions across city sizes. Over 60% of the reported urban expansion was formerly agricultural land with China, Southeast Asia, and Europe in the lead. Counterfactual analysis suggests that, due to the decrease in urban population densities, an estimated 125 000 km 2 land was converted to urban land uses that could have otherwise remained in cultivation or as natural vegetation. In particular, in India and Nigeria, with much of their populations dependent on agriculture, 85% and 30% more land, respectively, was converted to urban land due to decreasing urban population densities. With increasing urbanization, proactive management of urban land expansion, especially in small and medium cities, will be critical for saving agricultural lands in periurban regions while creating equitable and affordable urban landscapes.

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Section: What Types Of Land Covers Are Lost To Urban Expansion?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in urban land expansion, density, and land transitions from 1970 to 2010: a global synthesis

Güneralp

Reba

Hales

et al. 2020

Environ. Res. Lett.

283

102

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“…To evaluate infrastructure expansion in South America, we used an infrastructure change map (2001-2011) created by Andrade-Núñez and Aide [22]. We define infrastructure following the definition of built-up structure used in the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) which is defined as an ' enclosed construction above ground intended or used for the shelter of humans, animals, things or for the production of economic goods or the delivery of services' [25,26].…”

Section: Nighttime Light (Ntl) Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NTL images have a spatial resolution of approximately 1 km×1 km and use digital number (DN) value of each pixel in a range from 0 (no lights) to 63 (brightest lights) to represent light intensity (or brightness) of anthropogenic lights from human settlements, industrial lights, and other sites with persistent light [28]. The countries of South America have high levels of electrification (70%-100%), facilitating the use of NTL data as a proxy for the built environment (e.g., cities, towns, farms, hydroelectric dams, mining and industrial areas) [22]. NTL data were classified into three classes along an infrastructure compactness gradient: no-development (ND) (DN=0), scattered (SC) (DN>0 and <30), and aggregated (AG) (DN30) (figure S1 is available online at stacks.iop.org/ERC/2/021002/mmedia).…”

Section: Nighttime Light (Ntl) Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we used the scattered to scattered (SC-SC) and aggregated to aggregated (AG-AG) 'transitions' to represent the area of each infrastructure class that did not change between 2001 and 2011 (figure 1(b)). A detailed explanation of the methodology used to create the map can be obtained in Andrade-Núñez and Aide [22].…”

Section: Nighttime Light (Ntl) Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, these activities all require infrastructure (e.g. logistic facilities, buildings, silos), which has increased considerably and much of the expansion has occurred in rural areas away from major urban centers [22]. As human infrastructure continues to expand and the distance between PAs and urban areas decline [23], it will be a challenge to maintain the integrity of PAs across South America as a reduction in the surrounded natural habitats can increase the spillover of negative effects into PAs [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using nighttime lights to assess infrastructure expansion within and around protected areas in South America

Andrade‐Núñez

Aide

2020

Environ. Res. Commun.

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Protected areas (PAs) are important mechanisms for conserving biodiversity and buffering anthropogenic pressures, but the expansion and intensification of human activities within and around PAs are threatening the biological diversity they are designed to protect. In South America, a region which includes many biodiversity hotspots (e.g., Atlantic Forest, Andes), agriculture, mining, oil and gas exploitation, dam construction, and settlements have been expanding and intensifying within and around PAs. These human activities need infrastructure (e.g., buildings, logistic facilities, ports), which leads to increased pressure on PAs. In this study, we used nighttime light data and the World Database on Protected Areas to evaluate the extent of intrusion of infrastructure in PAs in South America between 2001 and 2011. Our results show that in general PAs in all of the seven IUCN categories are buffering the intrusion of infrastructure within them, but this was not the case for PAs in multiple-use categories where there was a considerable increase in infrastructure within these PAs. The largest increase in infrastructure occurred within the first 60 km from the border of the PAs, and for multiple-use categories, the peak occurred in the first 10 km. In addition, infrastructure expansion around PAs in category I showed more variability and the largest extent. Infrastructure expansion within and around PAs varied among countries. There were only 23 of the 2,902 PAs with zero expansion, 16 were located in Brazil, four in Colombia, and one in Suriname, Venezuela, and French Guiana. Ecuador and Venezuela were the two countries that had the most infrastructure expansion within and around their PAs, while Guyana and French Guiana had the least development. Presently, South America has ∼22% of the land area under some type of protection. Hopefully, the management of PAs will improve to help buffer the impacts of human activities and improve biodiversity conservation. Unfortunately, our results show that opposite, infrastructure is expanding within and around the PAs, which will most likely lead to ecological degradation and isolation of many of these PAs.

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Utilizing Deep Learning to Track Urban Density Parameters in Zoning Practice-Based Areas

Le,

Ho,

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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Built-up expansion between 2001 and 2011 in South America continues well beyond the cities

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Trends in urban land expansion, density, and land transitions from 1970 to 2010: a global synthesis

Trends in urban land expansion, density, and land transitions from 1970 to 2010: a global synthesis

Using nighttime lights to assess infrastructure expansion within and around protected areas in South America

Utilizing Deep Learning to Track Urban Density Parameters in Zoning Practice-Based Areas

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