Built‐up terrain wave propagation by Fourier split‐step parabolic wave equation‐ray optical techniques

Abstract

[1] Fourier split-step (FSS) solutions of the parabolic wave equation (PWE) represent wave fields in terms of plane wave decompositions. However, those field solutions are usually only valid in the air space above built-up terrain, whereas field predictions for modern wireless systems often require knowledge of the fields on a street level. Since FSS PWE solutions with large step sizes are not applicable for field computations between irregular scattering obstacles such as buildings, this problem is overcome by a two-step approach combining the FSS solution of the PWE with ray optical techniques to compute the fields at ground level in wooded and urbanized areas. To account for the great variety of propagation effects in a statistical sense, direct rays, reflected rays, diffracted rays and attenuated rays at typical receiver locations are included into the considerations. Comparisons to a wide variety of measured data show that this two-step approach produces better results than state of the art semiempirical field prediction techniques.

Modeling of Electromagnetic Wave Coupling to Thin-Wire Structures in Terrain Environments Using Hybrid PE/TPIE Method

“…Unfortunately, it is usually difficult to handle such problems using pure algorithms because of the inherent contradiction between accuracy and efficiency. In such a dilemma, hybrid algorithm becomes an alternative [17,18]. In this section, we focus on the field-line coupling problems in a realistic terrain environment using the presented PE/TPIE hybrid method.…”

“…Unfortunately, PE is not suitable for fine-structured objects because of the large step sizes and nonconformal mesh dissecting. Accordingly, some hybrid algorithms, such as the PE-RO method [17] and PE-FDTD method [18], were proposed to deal with the multiscale propagation problems. In comparison, the MoM based IE methods are applicable for objects with arbitrary shape via choosing appropriate basis functions [19] and have been widely used in the analysis of EM scattering and antenna radiation problems [20][21][22][23].…”

Application of the Rotating Angle Parabolic Equation Method for the Solution of Scattering Problems

“…A combination of the PEM and ray tracing method for modeling of radio propagation over a surface covered by buildings was proposed by Eibert [6]. At first the effect of buildings is neglected and the field is computed by PEM.…”

Υπολογιστική Ανάλυση Της Διάδοσης Ηλεκτρομαγνητικών Κυμάτων Σε Ασύρματες Επικοινωνίες Εσωτερικού Χώρου

“…Το 1990 η Lévy [Lévy, 1990] επέκτεινε τη μεθοδολογία μελετώντας το πρόβλημα τοποσφαιρικής διάδοσης πάνω από μη ομαλή επιφάνεια, θεωρώντας τη γη ως μέσο εξαιρετικά υψηλής αγωγιμότητας και εισάγοντας την επίδρασή του με τη χρήση οριακών συνθηκών σύνθετης αντίστασης (impedance boundary conditions). Έκτοτε, έχουν πραγματοποιηθεί πολλές εφαρμογές της μεθόδου της παραβολικής εξίσωσης σε προβλήματα τροποσφαιρικής διάδοσης [McArthur, 1992], [Hitney, 1992], [Barrios, 1994], [Lévy, 1995], [Awadallah and Brown, 1998], [Zelley and Constantinou, 1999], [Donohue and Kuttler, 2000a], [Donohue and Kuttler, 2000b], [Sevgi et al, 2002], [Eibert, 2002], [Eibert, 2003], [Awadallah et al, 2005] ακόμα και πάνω από δάση [Holm et al, 2002], [Holm and Waern, 2003].…”