Bulbar gustatory responses to anterior and to posterior tongue stimulation in the rat

Halpern, Bruce P.; Nelson, Linda M.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.209.1.105

Cited by 159 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…The intermediate response magnitudes suggested complex interactions between different receptive fields in the rNST. An early study (Halpern and Nelson 1965) reported increased responses in rNST neurons after CT block (by local anesthesia), suggesting an inhibitory influence from the CT on rNST neurons. Moreover, CT activation by electrical stimulation selectively reduced responses to quinine in the rNST neurons but had no effect on responses to NaCl.…”

Section: Implications Of Umami Tastants or Artificial Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, recent studies have reported overlapping terminal projections from these afferent nerves (Corson et al 2012;May and Hill 2006). In studies examining the oral receptive field properties of taste-sensitive neurons in the rNST, oral receptive field configurations in the horizontal plane were associated with afferent projections along the RC axis in the rNST (Halpern and Nelson 1965;Sweazey and Smith 1987;Travers and Norgren 1995). Of individual neurons, one-third actually received convergent inputs from the different receptive fields, primarily the anterior tongue and the nasoincisor duct, which are innervated by the CT and the GSP, respectively (Travers et al 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Topographical representations of taste response characteristics in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in the rat

Yokota

Eguchi

Hiraba

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Yokota T, Eguchi K, Hiraba K. Topographical representations of taste response characteristics in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in the rat. J Neurophysiol 111: 182-196, 2014. First published October 16, 2013 doi:10.1152/jn.01031.2012.-The rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST) is the first-order taste relay in rats. This study constructed topographical distributions of taste response characteristics (best-stimulus, response magnitude, and taste-tuning) from spike discharges of single neurons in the rNST. The rNST is divided into four subregions along the rostrocaudal (RC) axis, which include r1-r4. We explored single-neuron activity in r1-r3, using multibarreled glass microelectrodes. NaCl (N)-best neurons were localized to the rostral half of r1-r3, while HCl (H)-best and sucrose (S)-best neurons showed a tendency toward more caudal locations. NaCl and HCl (NH)-best neurons were distributed across r2-r3. The mean RC values and Mahalanobis distance indicated a significant difference between the distributions of N-best and NH-best neurons in which N-best neurons were located more rostrally. The region of large responses to NaCl (net response Ͼ5 spikes/s) overlapped with the distribution of N-best neurons. The region of large responses to HCl extended widely over r1-r3. The region of large responses to sucrose was in the medial part of r2. The excitatory region (Ͼ1 spike/s) for quinine overlapped with that for HCl. Neurons with sharp to moderate tuning were located primarily in r1-r2, while those with broad tuning were located in r2-r3. The robust responses to NaCl in r1-r2 primarily contributed to sharp to moderate taste-tuning. Neurons in r3 tended to have broad tuning, apparently due to small responses to both NaCl and HCl. Therefore, the rNST is spatially organized by neurons with distinct taste response characteristics, suggesting that these neurons serve different functional roles.best-stimulus; response magnitude; taste-tuning; Mahalanobis distance; medulla oblongata THE ROSTRAL NUCLEUS of the solitary tract (rNST), the first-order taste relay, has been reported to receive spatially organized projections on the rostrocaudal (RC) axis from four taste afferents [the chorda tympani (CT), the great superficial petrosal nerve (GSP), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), and the superior laryngeal nerves (SL)] in the rat (Contreras et al. 1982;Hamilton and Norgren 1984;Rhoton 1968;Torvik 1956) and the hamster (Whitehead and Frank 1983). However, recent studies have reported overlapping terminal projections from these afferent nerves (Corson et al. 2012;May and Hill 2006). In studies examining the oral receptive field properties of taste-sensitive neurons in the rNST, oral receptive field configurations in the horizontal plane were associated with afferent projections along the RC axis in the rNST (Halpern and Nelson 1965;Sweazey and Smith 1987;Travers and Norgren 1995). Of individual neurons, one-third actually received convergent inputs from the different receptive fields, primarily the anterior ton...

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Section: Implications Of Umami Tastants or Artificial Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographical representations of taste response characteristics in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in the rat

Yokota

Eguchi

Hiraba

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…In both species the CT projects taste information first to the rostral portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) [96]. In rodents efferents from the NTS are then sent to the medial parabrachial nucleus.…”

Section: Taste and Sodium Appetitementioning

confidence: 99%

Salt craving: The psychobiology of pathogenic sodium intake

Morris

Johnson

2008

Physiology & Behavior

115

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Ionic sodium, obtained from dietary sources usually in the form of sodium chloride (NaCl, common table salt) is essential to physiological function, and in humans salt is generally regarded as highly palatable. This marriage of pleasant taste and physiological utility might appear fortunate -an appealing taste helps to ensure that such a vital substance is ingested. However, the powerful mechanisms governing sodium retention and sodium balance are unfortunately best adapted for an environment in which few humans still exist. Our physiological and behavioral means for maintaining body sodium and fluid homeostasis evolved in hot climates where sources of dietary sodium were scarce. For many reasons, contemporary diets are high in salt and daily sodium intakes are excessive. High sodium consumption can have pathological consequences. Although there are a number of obstacles to limiting salt ingestion, high sodium intake, like smoking, is a modifiable behavioral risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. This review discusses the psychobiological mechanisms that promote and maintain excessive dietary sodium intake. Of particular importance are experiencedependent processes including the sensitization of the neural systems underlying sodium appetite and the effects of sodium balance on hedonic state and mood. Accumulating evidence suggests that plasticity within the central nervous system as a result of experience with high salt intake, sodium depletion, or a chronic unresolved sodium appetite fosters enduring changes in sodium related appetitive and consummatory behaviors.

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“…Therefore, individual rNTS neurons may integrate input from the whole tongue. In fact, electrophysiological studies have suggested convergence of inputs from areas of the oral cavity innervated by the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves onto single rNTS neurons in rat (Halpern and Nelson, 1965;Travers et al, 1986) and hamster (Sweazey and Smith, 1987). In addition, the predominantly rostrocaudally extending dendrites imply that portions of the rostral and causal NTS may be interconnected.…”

Section: Implications For the Functional Organization Of The Rntsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between structure and function of neurons in the rat rostral nucleus tractus solitarii

King

Bradley

1994

J of Comparative Neurology

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To investigate the relationship between the structure and function of neurons in the rostral (gustatory) nucleus tractus solitarii (rNTS), we analyzed the morphological and biophysical properties of rNTS neurons by performing whole-cell recordings in a brain slice preparation. Overall, neurons (n = 58) had a mean somal diameter of 16 microns, an average dendritic length of 598 microns, an average dendritic thickness of 0.91 microns, and a spine density of 0.037 spines/microns. Neurons were separated into three groups (elongate, multipolar, and ovoid) on the basis of previously established morphological criteria. The highest percentage (49%) of neurons were classified as ovoid, while 35% were multipolar and only 16% were elongate. The most frequently observed firing pattern, in all three cell types, elicited by a 1,200 ms, 100 pA depolarizing current pulse was a regularly firing spike train. However, the intrinsic firing properties of the remaining neurons were different. Thirty-one percent of the ovoid neurons responded with a short burst of action potentials and 44% of the elongate neurons showed a delay in the onset of the spike train following a hyperpolarizing prepulse. Less than 16% of the multipolar neurons demonstrated either of these firing characteristics. Therefore, rNTS neurons with similar morphology do not have unique biophysical properties. However, the data suggest that there may be subpopulations of the three morphological types, each of which displays a different firing pattern. Since the structure and function of the three morphological groups were not strictly correlated, these subpopulations may represent functional groups.

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Bulbar gustatory responses to anterior and to posterior tongue stimulation in the rat

Cited by 159 publications

References 1 publication

Topographical representations of taste response characteristics in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in the rat

Topographical representations of taste response characteristics in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract in the rat

Salt craving: The psychobiology of pathogenic sodium intake

Relationship between structure and function of neurons in the rat rostral nucleus tractus solitarii

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