Propolis has shown activity against pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases in humans and animals. The ethanol (Et-Blg) and acetone (Ket-Blg)
extracts from a Bulgarian propolis, with known chemical compositions, presented similar activity against tissue culture-derived amastigotes. The treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected skeletal muscle cells with Et-Blg led to a decrease of infection and of the intracellular proliferation of amastigotes, while damage to the host cell was observed only at concentration 12.5 times higher than those affecting the parasite. Ultrastructural analysis of the effect of both extracts in epimastigotes revealed that the main targets were the mitochondrion and reservosomes. Et-Blg also affected the mitochondrion-kinetoplast complex in trypomastigotes, offering a potential target for chemotherapeutic agents.Key words: propolis -natural products -Trypanosoma cruzi -Chagas disease Chagas disease, caused by the trypanosomatid protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America. Initially restricted to natural ecotopes, with transmission among small autochthonous mammals by hematophagous Triatominae bugs, the occupation by humans of such ecotopes led to the establishment of the vectors in human dwellings, changing the characteristic of the disease from zoonotic to antropozoonotic. In humans, the acute phase results in 2-8% mortality, specially among children, while in the chronic phase most patients remain asymptomatic and about 30 to 40% of the cases develop symptoms of cardiac or digestive lesions. The World Health Organization estimates that about 18 million people are infected with T. cruzi (WHO 2002). The available drugs for the clinical treatment, the nitroderivatives benznidazole and nifurtimox, are unsatisfactory. They present variable healing effects during the acute phase according to the geographical region and require long term treatment, besides presenting frequent toxic side effects and limited efficacy in the chronic stage (reviewed in Coura & De Castro 2001).In this context, there is an intense search for new synthetic compounds and natural products for treatment of Chagas disease. Thus, our group has been engaged in experimental chemotherapy studies using propolis (Higashi & De Castro 1994, De Castro & Higashi 1995, Marcucci et al. 2001, Prytzyk et al. 2003, Paulino et al. 2003, Salomão et al. 2004). Propolis, a bee product collected from different plant exudates, is a complex mixture containing known bioactive constituents, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and esters, terpenes, sesquiterpenes, aromatic aldehydes, and alcohols (Marcucci 1995). In temperate zones, bud exudates from poplar trees (Populus spp.) are the main source of flavonoid-rich propolis, which are rich in flavonoids (reviewed in Bankova et al. 2000).During the last decades, an increasing number of studies on the chemical composition, biological activity, and therapeutic uses of propolis has been published (reviewed in De Castro 2001). In recent studies with a Bulgarian propolis sample, we ...