Bulk density determination as a simple and complementary tool in composting process control

Huerta-Pujol, Oscar; Soliva, M.; Martínez-Farré, F. Xavier; Valero, Jordi; López, Marga

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.08.096

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The bulk density of the modified and unmodified clay types was determined according to the procedure described by Ahmedna et al (1997), Huerta-Pujol et al (2010 and was conducted in triplicates. A little vibration was applied until no particle space and constant level of clay is noticed in the cylinder and the volume was recorded.…”

Section: Bulk Density Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of adsorbents derived from bentonite and kaolin clays

et al. 2018

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The comparative study on preparation and characterization of modified bentonite and kaolin clay types is aimed at establishment of the ability of these clay types to adsorb pollutants. Its low cost, availability and recovery of clay give it added advantage of an effective adsorbent. The modified clay types were prepared by impregnation using various concentrations of either H 2 SO 4 or NaOH in w/v ratio of 1:2. The physicochemical and adsorptive properties were investigated using standard physicochemical methods like moisture content, bulk density, pH, iodine and methylene blue numbers. FTIR, XRD and SEM analyses were also conducted on these clay types. Unmodified kaolin clay exhibited lowest moisture content (1.12%) while unmodified bentonite clay type had highest value (3.98%). The peaks at 3435 cm −1 and 3410 cm −1 assigned N-H stretching frequency were obtained for 2 M H 2 SO 4 modified and unmodified bentonite clay types, respectively. The peaks at 912 cm −1 and 914 cm −1 that indicate the presence of Al-Al-OH deformation frequency were obtained for unmodified bentonite clay type and 2 M H 2 SO 4 modified bentonite clay, respectively. The physical surface morphology of the clay types revealed the presence of pores with irregular shapes, while their XRD analysis showed that the clay types are crystalline. The modified clay types exhibited better potential adsorbent for removal of small metallic or gas molecules as well as large organic molecules. Adsorbents could also remove cations or anions of pollutants since their surface charge could be positive or negative depending upon pH condition.

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Section: Bulk Density Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of adsorbents derived from bentonite and kaolin clays

et al. 2018

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“…A massa específica obtida com o produto úmido é influenciada pelo conteúdo de água presente no material (HUERTA-PUJOL et al, 2010), desse modo, recomenda-se analisar a massa específica seca, condição em que não há influência do conteúdo de água no material. Huerta-Pujol et al 2010não encontraram diferença significativa entre a massa específica úmida, ao longo do processo de compostagem de resíduos sólidos urbanos, no entanto, verificou-se aumento considerável quando analisada a massa específica seca.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Alterações Nas Características Físicas Do Material Orgânico Submetido Ao Processo De Compostagem

Teixeira¹,

Matos²,

Melo³

2016

Reveng

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Neste trabalho, teve-se como objetivo avaliar as alterações físicas do material orgânico proporcionadas pelo processo de compostagem por leiras estáticas aeradas. Os resíduos utilizados foram constituídos pelas misturas dos agentes estruturantes bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e palha de café com cama de frango, com o objetivo de obter relações C/N iniciais de 25/1. O material foi compostado, utilizando-se o sistema de leiras estáticas aeradas, por 30 dias, período de tempo em que se observou o final da fase termofílica. O processo de compostagem contribui para aumento da massa específica seca dos materiais em, aproximadamente, 12 e 13%, respectivamente nos compostos que tinham o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e a palha de café como agentes estruturantes. O volume inicial do material decresceu 60% na mistura cujo agente estruturante era o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e 36% quando utilizado a palha de café. A potência demandada pelo ventilador para superar a queda na pressão estática do ar ao atravessar a camada de material diminuiu com a compostagem, em decorrência da maior granulação do material.

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“…The total porosity was highest in T5 and the water-holding porosity was highest in T9. Bulk density is a simple and useful tool to evaluate composting [51]. According to Zhang and Sun [13], an ideal BD range in the final product is about 0.4 g/cm 3 .…”

Section: The Degradation Of Spicular Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Addition of Bovine Bone and Cow Manure: Rapid Composting of Chestnut Burrs and Production of a High-quality Chestnut Seedling Substrate

Chen

Tian

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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In China, chestnut burrs (CB) are produced at a rate of a million tons per year as the major byproduct of chestnut orchards. It is necessary to utilize the chestnut forest green waste and convert it into a valuable seedling media for the sustainable cultivation of chestnut seedlings. In this study, we composted CB with two waste products of cattle farming, namely cow manure (CM) and bovine bone (BM). We also evaluated the potential of CB compost application in chestnut forest sustainability. Results indicated that the best combination was the addition of 15% BM and 55% CM. This combination significantly improved the composting environment by increasing pH, enhancing phosphorus concentration and mineral elements such as Ca, Na, Mg and Zn, and shortened the composting period to 38 days. This combination also resulted in the highest content of citric acid-P (109.20 times than the control treatment) and the lowest content of NH 4 + -N (0.28 times than control treatment) indicating a better N and P structure of the final compost product. This combination achieved a greater degradation rate of CB cellulose (61.45%), hemicellulose (37.87%), and a more significant degradation of outer epidermis structure. When CB compost was used as a growing media, a significant decrease in photosynthesis stress of chestnut seedlings was observed, which was mainly manifested as a decrease in photochemical quenching (qP) and an increase of the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry under dark-adaption (Fv/Fm). Addition of 10% CB compost (in volume basis) is suggested, which resulted in the tallest chestnut seedlings (59.83 cm) with a stem diameter of 0.91 cm after six months of growth. In summary, this research provides an environmentally friendly strategy for chestnut orchard sustainability: rapid composting of CB, then immediate application as a high-quality substrate for chestnut seedlings.Agronomy 2020, 10, 288 2 of 18 step for chestnut production. The popularization of burr removal equipment has resulted in the need for intensive management of CB. Due to CB recalcitrant biodegradability and knotty spicular structure, incineration is still the main method of dealing with CB waste [3,4]. Since CB, as FGW, is rich in organic matter and minerals, it is desirable to convert it into a high value byproduct such as compost.Composting is a popular and clean method to dispose of FGW [5]. Mature FGW compost has high porosity and high organic carbon content and can be utilized as a high-quality soil amendment [6]. Shrestha et al. [7] reported that the application of compost increased soil organic carbon content, reduced CO 2 and N 2 O emissions, and increased CH 4 uptake. Chehab et al. [8] indicated that the olive FGW compost amendment resulted in an increased performance in mature olive trees and in a maximum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). Composting recycles organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous, and mineral elements in the FGW when growing seedlings [9]. In a recent study, Shalizi et al. [10] increased the biomass of Eucalyptus bentham...

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Bulk density determination as a simple and complementary tool in composting process control

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Preparation and characterization of adsorbents derived from bentonite and kaolin clays

Preparation and characterization of adsorbents derived from bentonite and kaolin clays

Alterações Nas Características Físicas Do Material Orgânico Submetido Ao Processo De Compostagem

Combined Addition of Bovine Bone and Cow Manure: Rapid Composting of Chestnut Burrs and Production of a High-quality Chestnut Seedling Substrate

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