Bulk-Fill Direct Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Assessment of Their Physio-Mechanical Properties

Yeo, Hui Woon; Loo, May Yeh; Alkhabaz, Mariam; Li, Kai Chun; Choi, Joanne Jung Eun; Barazanchi, Abdullah

doi:10.3390/oral1020008

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…All materials were of A2 shade. The composition of tested materials as provided by their respective manufacturers and the available literature [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] is shown in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Green Smoothie on Microhardness, Profile Roughness and Color Change of Dental Restorative Materials

et al. 2022

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Acidic drinks are known to exert negative effects on the surface properties of dental restorative materials. However, the effect of increasingly popular green smoothie drinks has not been addressed so far. The present study investigated the effect of cyclic immersions (5 min daily over 30 days) in a green smoothie drink on the surface properties of contemporary dental restorative materials, including resin composites, an alkasite, and a glass hybrid. Vickers microhardness, profile roughness, and perceptible color change in the CIE L* a* b* color space were evaluated as clinically relevant properties of the material surface. After 30-day green smoothie immersion, microhardness values either decreased by 8–28% (for resin composites) or increased by up to 91% (for glass hybrid). The increase in profile roughness (Ra parameter) of smoothie-immersed specimens was 7–26 times higher compared to the control group. The perceptible color change (ΔE*) in the smoothie group was 3–8 times higher compared to the control group. Overall, this study demonstrated that daily exposure of dental restorations made from resin composites, alkasites, and glass hybrid materials to a green smoothie drink can significantly accelerate material degradation, which is reflected as surface softening, as well as higher roughness and higher perceptible color change.

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“…All materials were of A2 shade. The composition of tested materials as provided by their respective manufacturers and the available literature [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] is shown in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of a Green Smoothie on Microhardness, Profile Roughness and Color Change of Dental Restorative Materials

et al. 2022

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“…The results are obtained by means of visual analysis of the images then these results are compared between the groups. However, this direct method is practical and useful for comparing and validating values calculated with FEA [57]. FEA is an appropriate method to achieve the present study's aim [57], but different tests such as Micro-CT, submicron digimatic micro-meter, or confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) should be performed in order to complement the present study's results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of Cement Thickness on the Polymerization Shrinkage Stress of Adhesively Cemented Composite Inlays: Photoelastic and Finite Element Analysis

Campaner¹,

Pinto²,

Demachkia³

et al. 2021

Oral

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The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of cement thickness on the strain and stresses resulting from the polymerization of resin cement using photoelasticity and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). For this study, twenty upper first premolars with inlay cavity preparation were constructed from photoelastic resin and restored with composite resin inlay. The samples were divided into two groups (n = 10) according to the film thickness of resin cement material. For Group 1, the film thickness was 100 μm; for Group 2, the film thickness was 400 μm. After polymerization of the cement, photoelastic analysis and finite element analysis (FEA) were performed. In the photoelastic analysis, Group 2 showed higher strain with the presence of second-order fringe even after 24 h. In Group 1, the formation of first order fringes was not observed, even after 24 h. In the FEA analysis, the greatest cusp deflection and tensile stress occurred in Group 2 (0.00026 mm and 0.305 MPa, respectively) due to the polymerization shrinkage in the lingual cusp compared to Group 1 (0.000107 mm and 0.210 MPa, respectively). It can be concluded that the thickness of the resin cement influences the cusp deflection, with the greater thickness of the cement layer, the greater stresses and deformations in the tooth structure occur.

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“…Furthermore, the incorporation of addition–fragmentation chain transfer monomers (AFM) in FBF can improve the homogeneity of the polymer network, potentially leading to enhanced mechanical properties [ 37 ]. Recent studies have found that FBF offers superior flexural strength [ 38 , 39 ]. This can be attributed to both its filler content and the composition of the resin matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fibres on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites

Alshabib,

Silikas,

Algamaiah

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Objective: To measure the flexural strength (FS) of bulk-fill resin composites and assess their long-term water absorption and solubility properties with and without the inclusion of short glass fibres. Methods: One resin composite, everX Flow with fibres, and four commercially available bulk-fill composites without fibres, namely, PALFIQUE, Activa, SDR Plus, and Filtek Bulk Fill One, were tested. Six specimens (2 × 2 × 25 mm) were fabricated for each material and stored in water for 1 day and 30 days to measure the flexural strength using a three-point bending test. To evaluate water absorption and solubility, circular disks measuring 15 × 2 mm (n = 5) were immersed in water for 60 days, and their weights were recorded periodically. After 60 days, the specimens were dried for an additional 21 days to determine solubility. Results: Flexural strength values ranged from 101.7 to 149.1 MPa. Significant distinctions were observed among the resin composites at the onset of the study (p < 0.05). The highest FS value was identified in everX Flow, while ACT exhibited the lowest (p < 0.05). However, the flexural strength values exhibited a significant decrease with increased storage time (p < 0.05), except for ACT, which demonstrated a noteworthy increase. Concerning water absorption and solubility, ACT displayed the highest absorption, while the range of solubility varied from −0.88 to 5.8 μg/mm3. ACT also had the highest solubility, whereas everX Flow exhibited negative solubility. Significance: The addition of short fibres, along with potential differences in matrix composition, enhanced the flexural strength of everX Flow. However, the substantial reduction in flexural strength observed in everX Flow and SDR following exposure to water corroborates the manufacturers’ recommendation to apply a conventional resin composite cap on these materials.

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Bulk-Fill Direct Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Assessment of Their Physio-Mechanical Properties

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

The Effect of a Green Smoothie on Microhardness, Profile Roughness and Color Change of Dental Restorative Materials

The Effect of a Green Smoothie on Microhardness, Profile Roughness and Color Change of Dental Restorative Materials

Influence of Cement Thickness on the Polymerization Shrinkage Stress of Adhesively Cemented Composite Inlays: Photoelastic and Finite Element Analysis

Effect of Fibres on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites

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