Bulk growth of cadmium mercury telluride (CMT) using the Bridgman/accelerated crucible rotation technique (ACRT)

Capper, P.; Maxey, C. D.; Butler, Charles; Grist, M.; Price, J.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.10.086

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Application of ACRT opened up a large number of possible parameter combinations [23,29,[31][32][33][34]. In turn, the radial and axial compositional uniformity of the material are improved, normally by a factor of at least ten-fold, and the grain and subgrain densities are reduced somewhat.…”

Section: Cmt Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillatory-Driven Fluid Flow Control during Crystal Growth from the Melt

Capper¹,

Zharikov

2015

Handbook of Crystal Growth

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Section: Cmt Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillatory-Driven Fluid Flow Control during Crystal Growth from the Melt

Capper¹,

Zharikov

2015

Handbook of Crystal Growth

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“…During the late 1990s the next major breakthrough in bulk growth occurred with the acquisition of synthetic silica tubing that had been Previous to this, we had been at the mercy of natural silica supplies, with their Group 1 elements that doped the MCT p-type making it useless for PC devices, or synthetic silica made from a chlorine-containing gas, which doped the MCT at too high an n-type level. The use of this new source of high-purity silica, together with continual improvements in element purification, from in-house tellurium zone refining and mercury distillation, reduced the carrier concentration to sub-10 14 cm -3 , which helped to further improve PC device performance, see [11,12] for reviews on the purity of bulk material compared with the epitaxial layers being grown at that time. Production of this 20-mm ACRT material has continued up to the present and material for various space programmes is still being grown.…”

Section: Accelerated Crucible Rotation Technique (Acrt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in bulk cadmium mercury telluride over the last 25 years

Capper¹

2015

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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It is *50 years now since the first development of the ternary compound cadmium mercury telluride (MCT) in bulk crystal form for infrared (IR) applications. MCT (Cd x Hg 1-x Te) is still the pre-eminent infrared material, and by varying the x value the material can be made to cover all the important IR ranges of interest (i.e. 1-3, 3-5 and 8-14 lm). The first half of its history really concerned the use of bulk-grown slices to produce a wide range of photoconductive (PC) IR detectors for various applications in the longwave (8-12 lm), midwave (3-5 lm) and shortwave (1-3 lm) regions. The second half of its history has seen its main function supplanted by various forms of epitaxial growth, particularly liquid phase epitaxy, metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy and molecular beam epitaxy, to produce the more versatile photovoltaic focal plane arrays (FPA) currently being manufactured. However, there have been small pockets of activity across the world during the last 25 years studying defects, growth issues, some residual PC detector work and lately its use in large-area optical components that give protection to MCT FPAs in niche applications. It is this later period that forms the focus of this paper.

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“…ACRT has been widely applied to improve the crystal quality by either improving the mixing of the liquid or achieving more diffusion controlled transport conditions in the liquid [3][4][5][6][7][8]. In a few numerical studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] the effect of ACRT on melt convection and segregation in crystal growth systems has been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%