Bulk Metallic Glass Multiscale Tooling for Molding of Polymers with Micro to Nano Features: A Review

Browne, David J.; Stratton, Dermot; Gilchrist, Michael D.; Byrne, Cormac

doi:10.1007/s11661-012-1427-7

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…[43] However, the amorphous alloy nanostructures made by bottom-up methods are rarely discussed in the MG community. [43] However, the amorphous alloy nanostructures made by bottom-up methods are rarely discussed in the MG community.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Mgns Via Top-down and Bottom-up Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Metallic Glass Nanostructures: Synthesis Strategies and Electrocatalytic Applications

Doubek

McMillon‐Brown

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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transformers [2] and load bearing applications. [3] In the last few decades, the study of nanomaterials has become a central focus in nanoscience and nanotechnology. [4] In fact, many studies have shown that with reduction in size, nanomaterials display novel electrical, mechanical, chemical and optical properties, which are largely believed to be the result of surface and quantum confinement effects. [4,5] Remarkably, this trend has found traction in the metallic glass field where metallic glasses nanostructures (MGNs) demonstrate an important role in many applications such as light harvesting, [6] photovoltaic, [7] biomedical, [8] magneto-optical, [9] organic synthesis, [10] lithium-ion batteries [11] and electrocatalysis. [12] Recently, MGNs are receiving increased attention due to their distinguished performance, such as high activity and long term stability in electrocatalytic reactions. [12,13] Although several review papers have already covered the topic of nanopatterning of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), [14][15][16] the correlation between recent synthetic methods and electrocatalytic applications for MGNs has not been thoroughly addressed. Moreover, there is currently no review that unites MGNs synthesized from different approaches (top-down and bottom-up) with conventional electrochemical reactions. Therefore, in this review our mission is to: 1) present a focused perspective on the latest fabrication techniques of MGNs toward the pursuit of novel electrocatalysts and electrodes; 2) highlight recent advances in computational screening and predictions that could be applied toward new metallic glass electrocatalyst discovery; and 3) report distinct advancements in electrocatalytic applications related to MGNs by creating a comprehensive discussion for commonly employed kinetic parameters and their connection with the unique material structure. Finally, as the first progress report on the metallic glass based electrocatalysts, we will also highlight some of the challenges that need to be addressed toward future progress in this field.BMGs are those metallic glasses (MGs) that can be made in 'bulk' scale with good glass forming abilities, [17] representing a versatile platform for many applications. To date, a wide range of BMG-forming alloys have been developed, including Zr-, [18] Fe-, [19] Cu-, [20] Ni-, [21] Ti-, [22] Mg-, [23] Pd-, [24] Au-, [25] and Pt-based compositions. [26] Moreover, the increased disorder brought by the higher degree of multinary systems is believed to contribute to improving the glass formation. [27] The evolution to multicomponent alloys of the most recent MG studies has also made them natural candidates for catalysis. The amorphous multinary Recent advances in metallic glass nanostructures (MGNs) are reported, covering a wide array of synthesis strategies, computational discovery, and design solutions that provide insight into distinct electrocatalytic applications. A brief introduction to the development and unique features of MGNs with an overview of top-down and bottom-up sy...

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Section: Fabrication Of Mgns Via Top-down and Bottom-up Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Metallic Glass Nanostructures: Synthesis Strategies and Electrocatalytic Applications

Doubek

McMillon‐Brown

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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“…Large area BMG with a composition of Zr 44 Cu 40 Al 8 Ag 8 was cast using an in-house tilt-casting technique following alloying and arc melting in an argon atmosphere. The Cu-Zr-Al-Ag system was chosen, because of its good glass forming ability, lack of toxic or prohibitively expensive elements, and reasonably high glass transition and service temperatures, enabling use for molding a variety of polymers (Browne et al, 2013). The amorphous nature of the BMG was confirmed using X-ray diffraction.…”

Section: Bmg Tool Insertmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the crystallization kinetics of glass-forming alloys are sluggish, which provides an opportunity to carry out thermoplastic forming without crystallization (David et al, 2009). BMG molds created by thermoplastic forming have been used for embossing of polymer microfluidics (Browne et al, 2013). Henann et al, (2009) thermoformed a commercial BMG, Vitreloy-1 (Zr 41.2 Ti 13.8 Be 22.5 Cu 12.5 Ni 10 ), with inverted channel features of height 43.5µm and width 55µm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of nickel and bulk metallic glass as tool inserts for the microinjection molding of polymeric microfluidic devices

Zhang

Srivastava

Browne

et al. 2016

Journal of Materials Processing Technology

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Publication informationJournal of Materials Processing Technology, 231 : 288-300 Publisher ElsevierItem record/more information http://hdl.handle.net/10197/7973 Publisher's statement þÿ T h i s i s t h e a u t h o r s v e r s i o n o f a w o r k t h a tThe UCD community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters! (@ucd_oa) Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. AbstractElectroformed nickel and bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) can be designed to incorporate features with length scales ranging from millimeters to nanometers. This, combined with their good mechanical properties relative to other materials, makes them competitive candidates for manufacturing multi-scale molds to produce high volumes of polymeric microfluidics components and other micro/nano devices. Despite this attractiveness, BMGs are newly developed engineering materials and their capabilities as a mold material have not been evaluated. This paper compares the performance of nickel tools made by an electroforming process and BMG tools made by a thermoplastic forming process, specifically with regard to typical microfluidics patterns and features. Ni shows excellent capabilities for good feature replication. BMG thermoplastic forming is highly dependent on the choice of alloy composition, which restricts the achievable feature size and aspect ratio. Compared to Ni, BMG has hardness values that are close to those of stainless steel and shows the superior mechanical strength that is required for mass production applications. However, oxidation in BMG tool manufacturing process affects the tool surface finish significantly and reduces the tool's corrosion resistance. Future development of BMG tools include preventing the formation of oxidation layers or developing BMGs with an anti-oxidation composition, and further reducing their overall cost and widening its processing window parameters. Despite these challenges, however, BMGs are shown to combine excellent mechanical properties and capabilities for multi-scale forming; this makes them significantly more attractive than relatively soft Ni tools.

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“…The latter reheats the BMG feedstock into a viscous metastable supercooled liquid [11,12] and forms it into microdies before crystallization occurring [13], which is also called hot embossing [14,15] or superplastic forming [16,17]. The hot embossing process is considered to be more controllable compared with direct casting because of relatively long processing time and separation of forming and fast cooling [18] and has been used to fabricate microparts [19,20] and microdies [20,21]. For forming microparts by hot embossing process, microdies are necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Embossing of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Micropart Using Stacked Silicon Dies

Zhu

Shi

et al. 2015

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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We demonstrated hot embossing of Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5bulk metallic glass micropart using stacked silicon dies. Finite element simulation was carried out, suggesting that it could reduce the stress below 400 MPa in the silicon dies and enhance the durability of the brittle silicon dies when using varying load mode (100 N for 60 s and then 400 N for 60 s) compared with using constant load mode (200 N for 120 s). A micropart with good appearance was fabricated under the varying load, and no silicon die failure was observed, in agreement with the simulation. The amorphous state of the micropart was confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffraction, and the nanohardness and Young’s modulus were validated close to those of the as-cast BMG rods by nanoindentation tests. The results proved that it was feasible to adopt the varying load mode to fabricate three-dimensional Zr-based bulk metallic glass microparts by hot embossing process.

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Bulk Metallic Glass Multiscale Tooling for Molding of Polymers with Micro to Nano Features: A Review

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

Recent Advances in Metallic Glass Nanostructures: Synthesis Strategies and Electrocatalytic Applications

Recent Advances in Metallic Glass Nanostructures: Synthesis Strategies and Electrocatalytic Applications

Performance of nickel and bulk metallic glass as tool inserts for the microinjection molding of polymeric microfluidic devices

Hot Embossing of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Micropart Using Stacked Silicon Dies

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