Bulk morphology and diameter distribution of single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons

Cheng, Hui‐Ming; Li, F.; Sun, Xiaoning; Brown, S. R.; Pimenta, M. A.; Marucci, A.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00479-5

Cited by 295 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The width of the diameter distributions for the SWNTs in Fe10U4R and Fe10U8R (Figure 8c and d) is similar to that (1-5 nm) reported for SWNTs prepared by catalytic methods. [2][3][4]11,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] As pointed out by Dai et al, 26 the distribution in the tube diameter reflects a mechanism in which the diameter is established by the catalytic particle. In contrast, the inner-diameter distributions of the DWNTs are broader.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes by a CVD Method. Part II: Formation of Nanotubes from (Mg, Fe)O Catalysts

et al. 2002

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OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 10385 The aim of this paper is to study the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from different Fe/MgO oxide powders that were prepared by combustion synthesis and characterized in detail in a companion paper. Depending on the synthesis conditions, several iron species are present in the starting oxides including Fe 2+ ions, octahedral Fe 3+ ions, Fe 3+ clusters, and MgFe 2 O 4 -like nanoparticles. Upon reduction during heating at 5°C/min up to 1000°C in H 2 /CH 4 of the oxide powders, the octahedral Fe 3+ ions tend to form Fe 2+ ions, which are not likely to be reduced to metallic iron whereas the MgFe 2 O 4 -like particles are directly reduced to metallic iron. The reduced phases are R-Fe, Fe 3 C, and γ-Fe-C. Fe 3 C appears as the postreaction phase involved in the formation of carbon filaments (CNTs and thick carbon nanofibers). Thick carbon nanofibers are formed from catalyst particles originating from poorly dispersed species (Fe 3+ clusters and MgFe 2 O 4 -like particles). The nanofiber outer diameter is determined by the particle size. The reduction of the iron ions and clusters that are well dispersed in the MgO lattice leads to small catalytic particles (<5 nm), which tend to form SWNTS and DWNTs with an inner diameter close to 2 nm. Well-dispersed MgFe 2 O 4 -like particles can also be reduced to small metal particles with a narrow size distribution, producing SWNTs and DWNTs. The present results will help in tailoring oxide precursors for the controlled formation of CNTs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotubes by a CVD Method. Part II: Formation of Nanotubes from (Mg, Fe)O Catalysts

et al. 2002

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“…The addition of transition metals appeared therefore to be the "secret ingredient", creating the desired single layer tube structures [1], albeit without precise knowledge of how this feat is achieved. Thus, the nature of the various interactions of the metal catalyst with feedstock carbon or carbon precursors, such as CO [21], hydrocarbons [22,23], and alcohols [24], has been a hotly debated topic in the discussion of the metal-catalyzed SWNT growth mechanism. Currently, the most accepted general outline of the SWNT growth mechanism is provided by the popular vapor liquid solid (VLS) model [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milestones in molecular dynamics simulations of single-walled carbon nanotube formation: A brief critical review

et al. 2009

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We present a brief review of the most important efforts aimed at simulating single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) nucleation and growth processes using molecular dynamics (MD) techniques reported in the literature. MD simulations allow the spatio-temporal movement of atoms during nonequilibrium growth to be followed. Thus, it is hoped that a successful MD simulation of the entire SWNT formation process will assist in the design of chirality-speciÀ c SWNT synthesis techniques. We give special consideration to the role of the metal catalyst À particles assumed in standard theories of SWNT formation, and describe the actual metal behavior observed in the reported MD simulations, including our own recent quantum chemical MD simulations. It is concluded that the use of a quantum potential is essential for a qualitatively correct description of the catalytic behavior of the metal cluster, and that carbide formation does not seem to be a necessary requirement for nucleation and growth of SWNTs according to our most recent quantum chemical MD simulations.

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“…To systematically investigate the function, and working mechanism of the one-dimensional space confinement effect, it is essential to synthesize CNTs with high purity and finely controlled structures, such as desired diameter, length, wall thickness, and electronic structure. However, it is difficult to synthesize pore-texture controllable and impurityfree CNTs using the conventional synthesis methods, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [20], laser ablation [21], and arc discharge method [22], due to the lack of understanding on the growth mechanism and corresponding controlled growth techniques. In addition, cutting and opening the cap of CNTs is usually necessary before filling process, which is complex and may introduce defects and contaminations into CNTs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method

et al. 2011

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One of the most unique structural characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) differentiating from other carbon materials is their hollow nanochannles, which can be utilized for encapsulating and loading foreign matters. The anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template technique enables the diameter, length, and cap structure control of the replicated CNTs, and thus shows advantages in pore structure control over the traditional CNT growth approaches. This review details the synthesis of CNTs with tunable diameter, length, wall thickness, and crystalline by using the AAO template method. The doping of heteroatoms and filling of foreign matters into AAO-CNTs are also addressed. Moreover, the main challenges and developing trends of the AAO template method are discussed.carbon nanotubes (CNTs), anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template method, controllability Citation:Hou P X, Liu C, Shi C, et al. Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method.

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Bulk morphology and diameter distribution of single-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized by catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons

Cited by 295 publications

References 18 publications

Carbon Nanotubes by a CVD Method. Part II: Formation of Nanotubes from (Mg, Fe)O Catalysts

Carbon Nanotubes by a CVD Method. Part II: Formation of Nanotubes from (Mg, Fe)O Catalysts

Milestones in molecular dynamics simulations of single-walled carbon nanotube formation: A brief critical review

Carbon nanotubes prepared by anodic aluminum oxide template method

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