Bulk-Nanoporous-Silicon Negative Electrode with Extremely High Cyclability for Lithium-Ion Batteries Prepared Using a Top-Down Process

Abstract

We synthesized freestanding bulk three-dimensional nanoporous Si using dealloying in a metallic melt, a top-down process. Using this nanoporous Si, we fabricated negative electrodes with high lithium capacity, nearing their theoretical limits, and greatly extended cycle lifetimes, considerably improving the battery performance compared with those using electrodes made from silicon nanoparticles. By operating the electrodes below the accommodation volume limit of their pores, we prolonged their cycle lifetime.

Challenges and Recent Progress in the Development of Si Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Battery

“…The accommodation limit up to porosity is quite important since low porosity can lead to fractures the Si nanoligament (Figure 7c). [69] Therefore, the areal mass loading is severely limited by the low silicon proportion and low electrode thickness for all the reasons listed above.…”

Impact of the Slurry pH on the Expansion/Contraction Behavior of Silicon/Carbon/Carboxymethylcellulose Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries

“…Silicon is a very attractive active material for Li-ion battery anodes due to its ∼10 times higher gravimetric capacity and ∼3 times higher volumetric capacity than conventional graphite anode (i.e., 3579 mAh g −1 and 2190 mAh cm −3 for Li 15 Si 4 compared to 372 mAh g −1 and 719 mAh cm −3 for LiC 6 ). However, obtaining commercially viable Sibased anodes is very challenging due to the large volume expansion of Si during its lithiation (∼280% from Si to Li 15 Si 4 ).…”

“…However, obtaining commercially viable Sibased anodes is very challenging due to the large volume expansion of Si during its lithiation (∼280% from Si to Li 15 Si 4 ). 1 This leads to the fracture and rearrangement of the Si particles, inducing the rupture of the electrical network in the composite electrode.…”

Facile Fabrication of 3D SiO2@Graphene Aerogel Composites as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

“…In order to meet the demand for the scaled-up LIBs and realize the global sustainable development, it is urgent to develop the new electrode materials with high performance [4,5]. Among the various potential anode materials, Silicon has been paid more attention because it imparts a high theoretical capacity to the electrodes (4200 mAh g À1 ) that is over 10 times higher than that of graphite [5][6][7][8]. Even so, the large volume changes ($300%) during lithium insertion/extraction process, which causes the rapid pulverization of silicon particles and loss of capacity during cycling, which causes the shrinkage, fracture, and pulverization of Si particles and loss of the electrical contact, severely influences its cycle performance [9].…”