Bullying and Suicide Ideation: Testing the Buffering Hypothesis of Social Support in a Sub-Saharan African Sample

Eze, John E.; Chukwuorji, JohnBosco Chika; Ettu, Peace Chiamaka; Zacchaeus, Endurance Avah; Iorfa, Steven Kator; Nwonyi, Sampson Kelechi

doi:10.1007/s40653-019-00294-w

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…was assessed with the victim subscale of the Illinois Bully Scale [56] and has been validated for use in Nigeria with a Cronbach's alpha score of 0.78 [57]. The subscale consists of four questions that measure both physical and verbal victimization that individuals experience from or by peers.…”

Section: Childhood Bully Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between adverse childhood experiences, bullying, self-esteem, resilience, social support, caries and oral hygiene in children and adolescents in sub-urban Nigeria

et al. 2020

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Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and bullying have negative effects on oral health. Promotive assets (resilience, self-esteem) and resources (perceived social support) can ameliorate their negative impact. The aim of this study was to determine the association between oral diseases (caries, caries complications and poor oral hygiene), ACE and bully victimization and the effect of access to promotive assets and resources on oral diseases. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data collected through a cross-sectional school survey of children 6-16years-old in Ile-Ife, Nigeria from October to December 2019. The outcome variables were caries, measured with the dmft/DMFT index; caries complications measured with the pufa/PUFA index; and poor oral hygiene measured with the oral hygiene index-simplified. The explanatory variables were ACE, bully victimization, resilience, self-esteem, and social support. Confounders were age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Association between the explanatory and outcome variables was determined with logistic regression. Results: Of the 1001 pupils with complete data, 81 (8.1%) had poor oral hygiene, 59 (5.9%) had caries and 6 (10.2%) of those with caries had complications. Also, 679 (67.8%) pupils had one or more ACE and 619 (62.1%) pupils had been bullied one or more times. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) for ACE was 1(3), for bully victimization was 1(5), and for self-esteem and social support scores were 22(5) and 64(34) respectively. The mean (standard deviation) score for resilience was 31(9). The two factors that were significantly associated with the presence of caries were self-esteem (AOR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.85-0.98; p = 0.02) and social support (AOR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-1,00; p = 0.02). No psychosocial factor was significantly associated with caries complications. Self-esteem was associated with poor oral hygiene (AOR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.09-1.17; p = 0.03).

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Section: Childhood Bully Victimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between adverse childhood experiences, bullying, self-esteem, resilience, social support, caries and oral hygiene in children and adolescents in sub-urban Nigeria

et al. 2020

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“…The verbal bullying, physical bullying, and bully victimization subscales of the Illinois Bully Scale were validated among 394 pupils in two secondary school in semi-urban southeast Nigeria. The Cronbach’s alphas for the whole scale and the victimization subscale were 0.84 and 0.78, respectively [ 17 ].…”

Section: Main Textsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert-like scale ranging from 1—“very strongly agree” to 7—“very strongly disagree.” The possible total scores range from 12 to 84, with higher total scores corresponding to higher levels of perceived social support and lower scores corresponding to perceived unavailability or lack of social support. The scale had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80 when administered to secondary school students in semi-urban Southeast Nigeria [ 17 ]; a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.78 when administered to stroke survivors attending rehabilitation services in Kano, Northern Nigeria [ 41 ]; and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.67 when administered to Orthopaedic patients in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria [ 42 ].…”

Section: Main Textsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resilience, which is the ability to positively adapt to adversity, is associated with good mental health [ 13 – 15 ]. Also, previous studies showed that the support that individuals perceive they get through social interactions moderates the impact of ACE and bully victimization through a buffering effect that reduces psychological distress when stressful situations develop [ 12 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal consistency and correlation of the adverse childhood experiences, bully victimization, self-esteem, resilience, and social support scales in Nigerian children

et al. 2020

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Objectives We evaluated the internal consistencies and the correlation between measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACE), bully victimization, self-esteem, resilience, and social support in children/adolescents in Nigeria. Results The Cronbach’s alphas were 0.67 for the ACE Questionnaire; 0.79 for the victimization subscale of the Illinois Bully Scale; 0.60 for Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale; 0.81 for Connor–Davidson resilience scale; and 0.93 for multidimensional perceived social support scale. Social support was negatively correlated with ACE ( r = − 0.21) and bully victimization ( r = − 0.16) and was associated with higher self-esteem ( r = − 0.29) and higher resilience ( r = 0.15). Likewise, higher resilience was associated with fewer ACE ( r = − 0.07), higher self-esteem ( r = − 0.21), and higher bully victimization ( r = 0.13). Higher self-esteem was associated with fewer ACE ( r = 0.25) and lower bully victimization ( r = 0.16), whereas bully victimization was positively correlated with ACE ( r = 0.20). The correlations were all statistically significant.

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“…For instance, Robert cited in Samm (2012) put the four categories of suicide as: suicide ideation, suicide attempt, selfdestructive acts and completed suicide. Eze, Chukwuorji, Ettu, Zacchaeus, Lorfa, and Nwonyi (2019) posited that suicide ideation has to do with all overt suicidal behaviours and communications that depict that this one is contemplating to die like issuing suicide threats and making it a constant expression to who care to listen. Oginyi, Mbam, Sampson, Chukwudi and Nwoba (2018) posited that suicide ideation is a serious psychological social and cultural, public health problem which is a source of great concern to people all over the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Structure and Peer Group as Risk Factors to Suicidal Behaviour among the Youths in Ekiti State, Nigeria

2020

BJE

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This study investigated family structure and peer group as risk factors to suicidal behaviour among the youths in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive research design of the exploratory type. The population for the study comprised all youths in Ekiti State, while the sample consisted of 300 male and female youths and young adults within the ages of 13-55years. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample to accommodate family structure and gender strata from two out of the three Senatorial Districts (Central and South) in Ekiti State. Fifty youths were selected from each of the three Local Government Areas in each Senatorial District making a total of six Local Government Areas and two Senatorial Districts arriving at 300 youths altogether. The instrument for the study was questionnaire to collect data on risk factors to suicidal behaviour among youths in Ekiti State. The validity of the instrument was considered through face and content validity procedures. The reliability was considered using Cronbach alpha and the coefficient yielded 0.79. Two research hypotheses were generated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The data collected were analysed using frequency count, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical tools. The study found that there was significant relationship between family structure as well as peer group and youth suicidal behaviours in Ekiti State. It was concluded that family disruption and bad peer group contribute to youth suicidal behaviours in Ekiti state. It was therefore recommended that couples should avoid all acts of omission and commission that could lead to disharmony among them, and also be watchful of the type of friends their children keep.

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Bullying and Suicide Ideation: Testing the Buffering Hypothesis of Social Support in a Sub-Saharan African Sample

Cited by 20 publications

References 49 publications

Association between adverse childhood experiences, bullying, self-esteem, resilience, social support, caries and oral hygiene in children and adolescents in sub-urban Nigeria

Association between adverse childhood experiences, bullying, self-esteem, resilience, social support, caries and oral hygiene in children and adolescents in sub-urban Nigeria

Internal consistency and correlation of the adverse childhood experiences, bully victimization, self-esteem, resilience, and social support scales in Nigerian children

Family Structure and Peer Group as Risk Factors to Suicidal Behaviour among the Youths in Ekiti State, Nigeria

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