Bullying at school and labour market outcomes

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E S ABSTRACT Bullying at School and Labour Market OutcomesThis study examines the long-term correlates of bullying in school with aspects of functioning in adult employment outcomes. Bullying is considered and evaluated as a proxy for unmeasured productivity, and a framework is provided that outlines why bullying might affect employment outcomes through differences in skills and traits. Using Bivariate and Heckit models we employ a variety of specifications and find several interesting patterns. The regression outcomes suggest that labour force participation, employment rate and hourly wages are negatively affected by bullying. In addition, men, homosexuals, immigrants, unmarried people, those having higher negative mental health symptoms, and those having lower human capital are more negatively affected by bullying in terms of labour force participation, employment probability, and hourly wages. Moreover, Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions suggest that labour force participation gaps, employment gaps and hourly wage gaps between minority and majority groups, especially for gay men and the disabled, can be explained by bullying incidents. It seems likely that having been a victim of bullying also has economic implications later in life due to withdrawal from the labour market and lower wages.JEL Classification: E24, J21, J24

Prevalencia de depresión y factores asociados en hombres.

“…Diferentes investigaciones ponen de manifiesto que un número importante de experiencias estresantes como: problemas de salud, maltrato, violencia escolar y disfunción familiar se asocian a la aparición de la depresión (Dokin et al, 2013;Drydakis, 2013;Fellinger, Holzinger, Sattel, Laucht y Goldberg, 2009; Ibarra-Alcantar, Ortiz-Guzmán, Graciano-Morales y Jiménez-Genchi, 2010; Pawlby, Hay, Sharp, Waters y O`keane, 2009); condición que se confirma si se considera que biomarcadores como el cortisol han sido ubicados en la sangre de un buen número de pacientes con algún tipo de depresión (Adam et al, 2010;VrshekSchallhorn et al, 2012). Esto quiere decir que la exposición a eventos agudos o crónicos de estrés se asocia al incremento de la vulnerabilidad en salud mental, lo cual a su vez agudiza las condiciones crónicas de salud (Almeida et al, 2011;Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental, 2013) y esto potencia la misma depresión.…”

Sexual orientation and labour market outcomes

“…Studies suggest that bullying of gay and lesbian students can reduce their eventual employment rates and earnings [8]. Indeed, gay and lesbian individuals who were victims of bullying tend to be less educated, have more mental health problems, face higher unemployment, and receive lower earnings than heterosexual victims of school bullying and gay men and lesbians who were not victims of school bullying [8].…”

“…Studies suggest that bullying of gay and lesbian students can reduce their eventual employment rates and earnings [8]. Indeed, gay and lesbian individuals who were victims of bullying tend to be less educated, have more mental health problems, face higher unemployment, and receive lower earnings than heterosexual victims of school bullying and gay men and lesbians who were not victims of school bullying [8]. Thus, bullying and harassment seem to affect gay men and lesbians before and during their working career and can worsen core outcomes such as education level, employment status, earnings, mental and physical health, job satisfaction, productivity, commitment, absenteeism, and turnover [8].…”

A Framework for the Analysis of Student Well-Being in the PISA 2015 Study

“…Research suggest that those who were bullied or were the bully-victim, were more likely to skip classes, drop out of school, and perform lower academically than peers who had no conflictual relationships with their peers (Konishi et al, 2010;Townsend, 2008). A recent study also suggests that bully victims suffer long-term consequences as measured by labour force participation, employment rates and hourly wages (Drydakis, 2014).…”

“…In recent years, bullying has become the focus of concern among policy makers (Rigby, 2007;Saluja, 2004), because evidence has shown the harmful effects bullying has on individuals, their families and the school communities (Giovazolias et al, 2010;Drydakis, 2014). Individuals, who are bullied by one or several peers, are repeatedly and continually distressed, socially and emotionally.…”