Bullying, discrimination, and sexual harassment among intensive care unit nurses in Australia and New Zealand: An online survey

Parke, Rachael; Bates, Samantha; Carey, Melissa; Cavadino, Alana; Ferguson, Adele; Hammond, Naomi; Joyce, Fiona; Kirby, S. H.; Moeke-Maxwell, Tess; Nona, Francis; Mason, Kathleen

doi:10.1016/j.aucc.2022.08.010

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…S5). Four studies from South America, Africa and Australia, and New Zealand reported similar numbers for verbal, physical, and sexual violence (Table 1 ) [ 44 , 64 , 65 , 69 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…While 18 studies presented data strictly from 12′614 ICU personnel only [ 16 , 17 , 24 , 35 , 44 , 46 , 61 , 63 , 69 , 71 , 73 , 74 , 78 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 88 , 90 ], 57 studies reported data from ICU HCWs as subgroups of larger heterogenic cohorts. Figure 1 presents the categorization of the included studies according to the reported findings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients were the perpetrators in 40% of incidents of verbal violence (IQR 32–84%) [ 31 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 45 , 50 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 63 , 67 – 70 , 75 , 79 , 93 ] and a median of 56% of physical violence incidents (IQR 33–89%) [ 31 , 39 , 41 , 44 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 63 , 66 – 68 , 70 , 75 , 79 ]. Numbers regarding sexual violence were available from five cross-sectional studies with patients being the most frequent perpetrators (median frequency of 35%; IQR 35–59%), followed by coworkers and relatives (median 17%; IQR 6–22% and 8%; IQR 4–19%, respectively) [ 56 , 57 , 67 – 69 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Violence against healthcare professionals in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis of frequency, risk factors, interventions, and preventive measures

Berger,

Grzonka,

Frei

et al. 2024

Crit Care

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Background To assess the frequency, risk factors, consequences, and prevention of violence against healthcare workers in intensive care units. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for studies on violence against healthcare workers in adult intensive care units. Risk factors, patient characteristics, and implications for healthcare workers were collected. Study quality, bias, and level of evidence were assessed using established tools. Results Seventy-five studies with 139,533 healthcare workers from 32 countries were included. The overall median frequency of violence was 51% (IQR 37–75%). Up to 97% of healthcare workers experienced verbal violence, and up to 82% were victims of physical violence. Meta-analysis of frequency revealed an average frequency of 31% (95% CI 22–41%) for physical violence, 57% for verbal violence (95% CI 48–66%), and 12% for sexual violence (95% CI 4–23%). Heterogeneity was high according to the I2 statistics. Patients were the most common perpetrators (median 56%), followed by visitors (median 22%). Twenty-two studies reported increased risk ratios of up to 2.3 or odds ratios of up to 22.9 for healthcare workers in the ICU compared to other healthcare workers. Risk factors for experiencing violence included young age, less work experience, and being a nurse. Patients who exhibited violent behavior were often male, older, and physically impaired by drugs. Violence was underreported in up to 80% of cases and associated with higher burnout rates, increased anxiety, and higher turnover intentions. Overall the level of evidence was low. Conclusions Workplace violence is frequent and underreported in intensive care units, with potential serious consequences for healthcare workers, calling for heightened awareness, screening, and preventive measures. The potential risk factors for violence should be further investigated. Systematic review registration: The protocol for this review was registered with Prospero on January 15, 2023 (ID CRD42023388449).

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“…S5). Four studies from South America, Africa and Australia, and New Zealand reported similar numbers for verbal, physical, and sexual violence (Table 1 ) [ 44 , 64 , 65 , 69 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Violence against healthcare professionals in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis of frequency, risk factors, interventions, and preventive measures

Berger,

Grzonka,

Frei

et al. 2024

Crit Care

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“…Almost 40% of respondents that experienced harassment indicated to have been harassed by patients. Harassment perpetrated by a patient or their family is a serious problem that the healthcare system has been experiencing for quite some time (27)(28)(29)(30). Physicians report inadequate training in dealing with sexual harassment by patients and there are barriers for reporting incidents or even discussing these with colleagues or supervisors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that speaking out and trying to enact change within the profession is extremely hard. Frequently reported reasons for under-reporting also include belief that no action will be undertaken, fear of consequences and negative impact on own career, stigma, fear of worsening the situation, and not knowing how to report (22,23,28). Another contributing factor is the lack of a clear definition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harassment in the headache field: a global web-based cross-sectional survey

de Boer,

Ambrosini,

Halker Singh

et al. 2023

Cephalalgia

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Background Matters of workplace harassment are an important issue. This issue needs to be recognized and studied to prevent occurrences. These important sensitive areas of effective workplace management are increasingly gaining more interest. We aimed to identify the prevalence of workplace sexual, verbal and physical harassment among headache professionals. Methods We adopted a cross‑sectional exploratory survey approach with quantitative design. The survey was distributed electronically among headache healthcare and research professionals globally through the International Headache Society (IHS). Results Data were obtained from 579 respondents (55.3%; 320/579 women). A large percentage of respondents (46.6%; 270/579) had experienced harassment; specifically, 16.1% (93/578) reported sexual harassment, 40.4% (234/579) verbal harassment and 5.5% (32/579) physical harassment. Women were almost seven times more likely to experience sexual harassment compared to men (odds ratio = 6.8; 95% confidence interval = 3.5–13.2). Although women did also more frequently report other types of harassment, this was not statistically significant (odds ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.0–2.0). Conclusions Lifetime exposure to workplace harassment is prevalent among headache professionals, especially in women. The present study uncovers a widespread issue and calls for strategies to be implemented for building a healthy and safe workplace environment.

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Critical care workforce in crisis: A path forward

Costa

Hammond

2023

Australian Critical Care

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Bullying, discrimination, and sexual harassment among intensive care unit nurses in Australia and New Zealand: An online survey

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Violence against healthcare professionals in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis of frequency, risk factors, interventions, and preventive measures

Violence against healthcare professionals in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis of frequency, risk factors, interventions, and preventive measures

Harassment in the headache field: a global web-based cross-sectional survey

Critical care workforce in crisis: A path forward

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