Bunyavirus-Vector Interactions

Abstract

The Bunyaviridae family is comprised of more than 350 viruses, of which many within the Hantavirus, Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, Tospovirus, and Phlebovirus genera are significant human or agricultural pathogens. The viruses within the Orthobunyavirus, Nairovirus, and Phlebovirus genera are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods, such as mosquitoes, midges, flies, and ticks, and their associated arthropods not only serve as vectors but also as virus reservoirs in many cases. This review presents an overview of several important emerging or re-emerging bunyaviruses and describes what is known about bunyavirus-vector interactions based on epidemiological, ultrastructural, and genetic studies of members of this virus family.

Genomic Characterization of Yogue, Kasokero, Issyk-Kul, Keterah, Gossas, and Thiafora Viruses: Nairoviruses Naturally Infecting Bats, Shrews, and Ticks

“…For example, the viruses in the large clade comprising the CCHFV, NSDV, and Sakhalin serogroups have been isolated primarily from hard ticks. [51][52][53][54][55][56] Although there are two exceptional reports of the isolation of CCHFV from soft tick species, the circumstances suggest those reports should be viewed with caution 52,57 and there is experimental evidence that soft tick species are not competent vectors for CCHFV. 58,59 Tamdy virus and closely related Burana virus were also isolated from hard ticks.…”

Seroprevalence of Schmallenberg virus and other Simbu group viruses among the Lebanese sheep

“…Thus constituting the first occurrence of indigenous circulation of Orthobunyavirus of the serogroup Simbu in Western Europe. However, other Orthobunyavirus were identified in Europe (case of the Batai virus in Germany), Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Australia (cases of Akabane virus), either sporadically by the analysis of pools of mosquitos (Jöst et al, 2011;Horne and Vanlandingham, 2014), or due to an endemic presence (case of the Tahyna virus) (Bennett et al, 2011). In fact, back in 1980 an outbreak of Akabane virus was confirmed in cattle in the Turkish Province of Aydin.…”

Bunyaviruses: From Transmission by Arthropods to Virus Entry into the Mammalian Host First-Target Cells

“…The transmission of RVFV via aerosol has also led to infection in laboratory workers. However, natural transmission of arbo-bunyaviruses to vertebrates mostly occurs through the bite of infected arthropods [1,9,47].…”