Burden and Gender inequalities around Informal Care

Carbó, Giuliana Federica Cascella; García-Orellán, Rosa

doi:10.17533/udea.iee.v38n1e10

Cited by 36 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The caregivers in the CuidaCare study were mostly women (72.8%), married (82.8%), without an education or with a primary education (72.4%), and who had always dedicated to domestic work (47.2%). This socioeconomic profile is consistent with the reports in the literature and similar to data from our region [ 15 , 18 , 19 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 39 , 40 ]. Our study found a slightly higher proportion of male caregivers (27.2%) than has been reported in other studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Health-related quality of life in caregivers of community-dwelling individuals with disabilities or chronic conditions. A gender-differentiated analysis in a cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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Background Most care for people with chronic or disabling conditions living in the community is provided in the family context, and this care is traditionally provided by women. Providing informal care has a negative impact on caregivers’ quality of life, which adds to existing health inequalities associated with gender. The aim of this study was to analyze factors associated with the health-related quality of life of caregivers and to determine their differences in a gender-differentiated analysis. Methods An observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in primary healthcare. A total of 218 caregivers aged 65 years or older were included, all of whom assumed the primary responsibility for caring for people with disabling conditions for at least 6 months per year and agreed to participate in the CuidaCare study. The dependent variable was health-related quality of life, assessed with the EQ-5D. The explanatory variables tested were grouped into sociodemographic variables, subjective burden, caregiving role, social support and variables related to the dependent person. The associations between these variables and health-related quality of life were estimated by fitting robust linear regression models. Separate analyses were conducted for women and men. Results A total of 72.8% of the sample were women, and 27.2% were men. The mean score on the EQ-5D for female caregivers was 0.64 (0.31); for male caregivers, it was 0.79 (0.23). There were differences by gender in the frequency of reported problems in the dimensions of pain/comfort and anxiety/depression. The variables that were associated with quality of life also differed. Having a positive depression screening was negatively associated with quality of life for both genders: -0.31 points (95% CI: -0.47; -0.15) for female caregivers and -0.48 points (95% CI: -0.92; -0.03) for male caregivers. Perceived burden was associated with quality of life in the adjusted model for women (-0.12 points; 95% CI: -0.19; -0.06), and domestic help was associated in the adjusted model for male caregivers (-0.12 points; 95% CI: -0.19; -0.05). Conclusions Gender differences are present in informal caregiving. The impact of providing informal care is different for male and female caregivers, and so are the factors that affect their perceived quality of life. It could be useful it incorporates a gender perspective in the design of nursing support interventions for caregivers to individualize care and improve the quality of life of caregivers. Trial registration NCT 01478295 [https://ClinicalTrials.gov]. 23/11/2011.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Health-related quality of life in caregivers of community-dwelling individuals with disabilities or chronic conditions. A gender-differentiated analysis in a cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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“…Followed by shorter duration of the mental disorder, and having greater internalized stigma. The model has female gender as the main and strongest predictor, again identifying women as a vulnerable group, and perhaps supporting studies on the impact of violence on women and the consequences for their mental health ( Oram et al., 2017 ); the negative effect of the burden of informal care ( Cascella Carbó and García-Orellán, 2020 ); and the impact of discrimination on women's mental health ( Hackett et al., 2019 ). This last argument is particularly remarkable because of the presence of internalized stigma as a predictor variable, previously demonstrated as a variable related to poorer mental health and symptomatology ( Del Rosal et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Mental health in a heterogeneous clinical sample. A cross-sectional study of predictors and gender differences

González-Sanguino

Ausín

Castellanos

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…This may partly be because women perceive the demands of caregiving more intensely than men [ 32 , 33 ]. In fact, the literature has consistently shown that greater caregiving burden among women is associated with lower societal recognition of the value of their work and deep-seated gender norms that leave them with little freedom to make decisions on what their role should be [ 34 ]. These social expectations mean that women experience the pressure of caregiving more than men and this has a greater impact on their health and other aspects of their life [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health, Work, and Social Problems in Spanish Informal Caregivers: Does Gender Matter? (The CUIDAR-SE Study)

Peña-Longobardo

Río-Lozano

Oliva‐Moreno

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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(1) Background: The aim of this study was (i) to analyze problems faced by informal caregivers in three areas of their life: health, work and finances, and family and social relationships, (ii) to investigate the main determinants of these problems, and (iii) to explore differences between men and women. (2) Methods: The study population consisted of people aged ≥18 years living in a family home who were providing unpaid care to a dependent person in the same or another home and who were registered as caregivers with the Primary Health Care District of Granada or the Provincial Council of Gipuzkoa. Several logistic regression models were built to analyze the likelihood of caregivers experiencing health, work-related, or social problems as a result of their caregiving responsibilities. (3) Results: Informal female caregivers were more likely to experience problems attributed to caregiving than their male counterparts, particularly in the areas of health and work. Additional factors associated with an increased likelihood of problems were low perceived social support, performance of ungratifying tasks, and fewer years as a caregiver. (4) Conclusions: Informal caregivers in Spain face significant problems as a result of their caregiving duties, and the impact on men and women is different. Policies and interventions to mitigate the negative effects of unpaid caregiving should incorporate differential strategies to meet the specific needs of male and female caregivers in different caregiving contexts.

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Burden and Gender inequalities around Informal Care

Cited by 36 publications

References 27 publications

Health-related quality of life in caregivers of community-dwelling individuals with disabilities or chronic conditions. A gender-differentiated analysis in a cross-sectional study

Health-related quality of life in caregivers of community-dwelling individuals with disabilities or chronic conditions. A gender-differentiated analysis in a cross-sectional study

Mental health in a heterogeneous clinical sample. A cross-sectional study of predictors and gender differences

Health, Work, and Social Problems in Spanish Informal Caregivers: Does Gender Matter? (The CUIDAR-SE Study)

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