Burden and Seasonality of Viral Acute Respiratory Tract Infections among Outpatients in Southern Sri Lanka

Shapiro, David E.; Bodinayake, Champica K; Nagahawatte, Ajith; Devasiri, Vasantha; Kurukulasooriya, Ruvini; Hsiang, J.; Nicholson, Bradley; Silva, Aruna Dharshan De; Østbye, Truls; Reller, Megan E.; Woods, Christopher W.; Tillekeratne, L. Gayani

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0032

Cited by 20 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The difference between the two genders had statistical signi cance (χ 2 =37.0, p<0.001, see Table 1). Literatures [3,7] reported that there were no signi cant difference between male and female in common respiratory viral infection, while Krishnan A and Shapiro d [11,13] reported that the detection rate of male was higher than that of female, which was consistent with our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological characteristics of four common respiratory viral infections in children

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: Viruses are the main infectious agents of ARIs in children. We aim to describe the epidemiological characteristics of viral pathogens of acute respiratory tract infections in outpatient children. Methods: From April 2018 to March 2019, the results of viral detection in oral pharyngeal swabs in 103 210 children with acute respiratory tract infection in the outpatient department of the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. Viral antigens, including adenovirus (ADV), influenza A (FLUA), influenza B (FLUB) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were detected by colloidal gold method. Results: At least one virus was detected in 38 355 cases, and the total positive rate was 37.2%. A total of 1910 cases of mixed infection with two or more viruses were detected, and the positive rate of multiple infection was 1.9%. ADV positive rate was the highest in 3-6-year-old group (18.7%), FLUA positive rate was the highest in >6-year-old group (21.6%), FLUB positive rate was the highest in >6-year-old group (6.6%) and RSV positive rate was the highest in <1-year-old group (10.6%). There was significant difference in the positive rate of viral infection among different age groups, χ2 = 1280.7, P < 0.001. The positive rate of viral infection was the highest in winter (47.1%). ADV infection rate was highest in spring (18.2%). The positive rates of FLUA and FLUB were the highest in winter (28.8% and 3.6%, respectively). The positive rate of RSV was the highest in autumn (17.4%). The positive rate of viral infection in different seasons had significant difference, χ2 = 6459.1, P < 0.001. Conclusions: Viral infection rates in children are different in different ages and seasons. ADV positive rate is the highest in preschool age, RSV positive rate is the highest in infants, and FLU positive rate increases with age. The total positive rate of viral infection in different seasons was the highest in winter. The positive rate of FLU was the highest in winter.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological characteristics of four common respiratory viral infections in children

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The difference between the two sexes was statistically signi cant (χ 2 =37.0, p<0.001, see Table 1). The literature [3,9] reports no signi cant differences between males and females in common respiratory viral infection, though Krishnan A and Shapiro d [13,15] found that the detection rate of males was higher than that of females, which was consistent with our results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Epidemiological characteristics of four common respiratory viral infections in children

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Viruses are the main infectious agents of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children. We aim to describe the epidemiological characteristics of viral pathogens of acute respiratory tract infections in outpatient children.Methods: From April 2018 to March 2019, the results of viral detection using oral pharyngeal swabs from 103,210 children with acute respiratory tract infection in the outpatient department of the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were retrospectively analyzed. Viral antigens, including adenovirus (ADV), influenza A (FLUA), influenza B (FLUB) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), were detected by the colloidal gold method.Results: At least one virus was detected in 38,355 cases; the positivity rate was 37.2%. A total of 1910 cases of mixed infection with two or more viruses were detected, and the positivity rate of multiple infection was 1.9%. The ADV positivity rate was highest in the 3-6-year-old group (18.7%), the FLUA positivity rate was highest in the >6-year-old group (21.6%), the FLUB positivity rate was highest in the >6-year-old group (6.6%), and the RSV positivity rate was highest in the <1-year-old group (10.6%). There was a significant difference in the positivity rate of viral infection among different age groups (χ2 = 1280.7, P < 0.001). The rate of positive viral infection was highest in winter (47.1%). The ADV infection rate was highest in spring (18.2%). The rates of FLUA and FLUB positivity were highest in winter (28.8% and 3.6%, respectively). The rate of RSV positivity was highest in autumn (17.4%). The rate of positive viral infection in different seasons was significantly different (χ2 = 6459.1, P < 0.001).Conclusions: Viral infection rates in children differ for different ages and seasons. The positivity rate of ADV is highest in the preschool period and that of RSV is highest in infants; that of FLU increases with age. The total positive rate of viral infection in different seasons is highest in winter, as is the rate of FLU positivity.

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“…We have previously shown that among outpatients presenting with influenza-like illness in the Southern Province, influenza and respiratory viral activity peaked in March-June of 2013-2014, substantiating our present findings from the inpatient setting. 27 In tropical and subtropical countries such as Sri Lanka, studies have shown that the seasonality of respiratory viruses varies widely and may be impacted by local variations in temperature, humidity, and rainfall. 28,29 Thus, even within a country, respiratory viral seasonality may fluctuate, and understanding local epidemiology is important for targeting preventative health measures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Viral Infection: An Underappreciated Cause of Acute Febrile Illness Admissions in Southern Sri Lanka

Tillekeratne

Bodinayake

Simmons³

et al. 2019

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The contribution of respiratory viruses to acute febrile illness (AFI) burden is poorly characterized. We describe the prevalence, seasonality, and clinical features of respiratory viral infection among AFI admissions in Sri Lanka. We enrolled AFI patients ³ 1 year of age admitted to a tertiary care hospital in southern Sri Lanka, June 2012-October 2014. We collected epidemiologic/clinical data and a nasal or nasopharyngeal sample that was tested using polymerase chain reaction (Luminex NxTAG, Austin, TX). We determined associations between weather data and respiratory viral activity using the Spearman correlation and assessed respiratory virus seasonality using a Program for Appropriate Technology definition. Bivariable and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to identify features associated with respiratory virus detection. Among 964 patients, median age was 26.2 years (interquartile range 14.6-39.9) and 646 (67.0%) were male. One-fifth (203, 21.1%) had respiratory virus detected: 13.9% influenza, 1.4% human enterovirus/ rhinovirus, 1.4% parainfluenza virus, 1.1% respiratory syncytial virus, and 1.1% human metapneumovirus. Patients with respiratory virus identified were younger (median 9.8 versus 27.7 years, P < 0.001) and more likely to have respiratory signs and symptoms. Influenza A and respiratory viral activity peaked in February-June each year. Maximum daily temperature was associated with influenza and respiratory viral activity (P = 0.03 each). Patients with respiratory virus were as likely as others to be prescribed antibiotics (55.2% versus 52.6%, P = 0.51), and none reported prior influenza vaccination. Respiratory viral infection was a common cause of AFI. Improved access to vaccines and respiratory diagnostics may help reduce disease burden and inappropriate antibiotic use.

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Burden and Seasonality of Viral Acute Respiratory Tract Infections among Outpatients in Southern Sri Lanka

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

Epidemiological characteristics of four common respiratory viral infections in children

Epidemiological characteristics of four common respiratory viral infections in children

Epidemiological characteristics of four common respiratory viral infections in children

Respiratory Viral Infection: An Underappreciated Cause of Acute Febrile Illness Admissions in Southern Sri Lanka

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