Burden of end-stage renal disease of undetermined etiology in Africa

Fiseha, Temesgen; Osborne, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1186/s41100-023-00497-w

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The global health community acknowledges the pressing risks posed by uncontrolled diabetes and hypertension, significantly accelerating the progression to ESRD [4]. In our cohort, a concerning 10.1% of ESRD cases had unknown causes, echoing findings from other studies and suggesting potential genetic, viral, or environmental factors warranting further exploration [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Leading Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Dialysis Patients in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia

Alhazmi,

Alghamdi,

Alzahrani

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represent a growing health concern globally, with hypertension and diabetes commonly identified as primary etiological factors. This study evaluates the demographic and health profiles of individuals undergoing dialysis treatment in the Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia, aiming to identify the predominant causes of ESRD and the associated socioeconomic and healthcare-related factors. Methodology This cross-sectional study analyzed data from patients receiving dialysis in Al-Baha. We assessed variables including etiology of ESRD, demographic data, presence of comorbid conditions, initial symptoms, and pre-dialysis health care engagement. Statistical analysis focused on the prevalence and correlations between the different variables and ESRD. The study also examined patients’ educational background and employment status to ascertain ESRD’s socioeconomic impact. Results The study found hypertension and diabetes as the leading causes of ESRD. Unknown etiologies accounted for 10.1% of cases, highlighting an area for further research. Notably, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiogenic shock emerged as potential new contributors, each representing 1.7% of cases. Most patients resided in urban areas, with the largest age group being 46 to 55 years. Men had a higher prevalence of ESRD than women. Low educational attainment was significant among patients, and unemployment due to ESRD was prevalent, pointing towards the need for vocational support. Clinical findings revealed late referrals to nephrologists, with a substantial proportion of diagnoses occurring in emergency settings. Family history suggested a higher-than-expected genetic component of CKD in the region. Conclusion The study confirms hypertension and diabetes as principal contributors to ESRD in Al-Baha while also pointing to the emergence of COVID-19 as a potential risk factor. Socioeconomic factors, including educational and employment status, are critical to patient management and outcomes. The high percentage of unknown etiologies and familial CKD prevalence warrants additional research. Improving early detection, enhancing patient education, and fostering timely nephrology consultations could mitigate the progression to ESRD and enhance patient quality of life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Leading Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Dialysis Patients in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia

Alhazmi,

Alghamdi,

Alzahrani

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…The incidence of ESKD is increasing globally due to the increasing prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension. 6 A systematic review estimated that about two-thirds of all patients with kidney failure died without receiving dialysis in 2010. 7 The increasing need for kidney replacement therapy and the non-availability of resources pose a threat to the healthcare system in low to middle-income countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 Hemodialysis Patients in the Month of December 2023 – A Snapshot survey

Basit,

Sabir

2024

Pak J Kidney Dis

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Introduction: Chronic kidney disease progressing to hemodialysis is a significant health care burden. Since no formal registry including all incident hemodialysis patients is nonexistent. This snapshot survey was conducted to document new enrolling patients in the hemodialysis units across Pakistan. Methods: a simple survey was devised to enquire about the new enrollments for maintenance dialysis in each unit. Age and gender and geographical location of the patients was asked. Results: A total of 995 patients were enrolled in different dialysis units during the month of December 2023. Majority were males and in the age range less than 40 years. Conclusion: A significant number of patients are being enrolled for maintenance dialysis each month, highlighting the increasing burden of CKD patients progressing to ESKD. Larger studies and national hemodialysis registry may help in understanding the actual burden on health budget.

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Progression of chronic kidney disease among adults attending tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania

Katatwire,

Meremo

2024

Preprint

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Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in resource constrained settings can silently and rapidly progress to end stage kidney disease (ESKD). Thus, it is important to identify patients at risk of CKD progression for appropriate and timely interventions. Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted among adults with CKD attending nephrology and medical outpatient (MOPD) clinics of two tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania between November 2020 to March 2022. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from patient files, as well as measurements of vital signs and face to face interviews conducted at baseline and at follow up. Patients provided urine and blood samples for laboratory investigations at study entry (0) and at 12 months. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS software version 26, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with CKD progression. Results A total of 352 participants with median age of 54 (47–59) years were enrolled, the prevalence of CKD progression by a sustained decline in eGFR > 4 ml/min/1.73m2 per year was 28.0% (97/346). For CKD progressors; the baseline median eGFR was 43 (41–49) mL/min/1.73 m2, urine protein creatinine ratio (uPCR) was 0.099 (0.025–0.158) g/g and haemoglobin were 11.7 (9.7–12.6) g/dl. Of the patients with CKD progression, 73(75.3%) patients had diabetes mellitus, 70 (72.2%) of the patients had hypertension, 57 (58.8%) had significant proteinuria and 57 (58.8%) had anaemia. Variables associated with CKD progression after multivariate logistic regression analysis were; diabetes mellitus (OR = 7.02, 95% CI 3.01–16.39, P = 0.001), use of local herbs (OR = 27.98, 95% CI 11.08–70.70, P = 0.001), anaemia (OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.32–4.68, P = 0.005), proteinuria (OR = 7.51, 95% CI 3.49–16.19 P = 0.001). Half (52.5%) of the patients with CKD progression were found to have left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and a total of 14 (11.9%) patients died during the study period. Conclusion The prevalence of CKD progression is high in our settings. Diabetes mellitus, proteinuria, anaemia and use of local herbal medicines were significant risk factors for CKD progression. More than half of the patients who had CKD progression were found to have LVH and few patients died.

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Burden of end-stage renal disease of undetermined etiology in Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 74 publications

Leading Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Dialysis Patients in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia

Leading Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease Among Dialysis Patients in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia

Incidence of Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 Hemodialysis Patients in the Month of December 2023 – A Snapshot survey

Progression of chronic kidney disease among adults attending tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania

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