Burden of four vaccine preventable diseases in older adults

Kristensen, Maartje; Lier, Alies van; Eilers, Renske; McDonald, Scott; Opstelten, Wim; Maas, Nicoline van der; Hoek, Wim van der; Kretzschmar, Mirjam; Nielen, M.; Melker, Hester E. de

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.052

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…During the 4-year period, 658, 931, 3,008 and 938 new cases, respectively, were reported each year in people ≥50 years of age. However, similarly to the previous Dutch studies, the authors suspected underreporting with actual numbers being estimated at about 34,593 infections annually [32]. Furthermore, a small study conducted by Mertens et al was identified, documenting an epidemic of pertussis in 1992 among 75 nuns aged ≥55 years, and staff members in a convent [33].…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 68%

“…A study by de Greef et al also reported data from a serological survey between 2006 and 2007, and compared it with the data from 1994 to 1996 analysed by de Melker et al [30] using the same cut-off [31]; the antibody titres suggested a more than double increase in incidence. A third study by Kristensen et al was conducted between 2010 and 2013 and assessed several databases to provide incidence data [32]. During the 4-year period, 658, 931, 3,008 and 938 new cases, respectively, were reported each year in people ≥50 years of age.…”

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

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The burden of pertussis in older adults: what is the role of vaccination? A systematic literature review

Kandeil

Atanasov²,

Avramioti³

et al. 2019

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: Pertussis (whooping cough) is a vaccine-preventable disease; however, neither naturalnor vaccine-induced protection is lifelong. Although generally not severe in adults, pertussis can be associated with complications in patients with chronic conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and can be readily transmitted to more vulnerable populations, including neonates before they complete their primary vaccination. Furthermore, as the global population ages, the health and economic burden of the disease is expected to rise. Areas covered: A systematic literature review was conducted to ascertain the current epidemiological and financial burden of pertussis in older adults and to discuss the potential value of a booster vaccination in this population. Expert commentary: Our review indicates a considerable underestimation of the pertussis burden amongst older adults. Seroprevalence studies consistently demonstrate that the reported incidence may be much lower than the actual incidence. Tetanus toxoid-reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccines are immunogenic in older adults, induce high booster responses and are welltolerated. There is therefore a good rationale for the advocacy of booster pertussis vaccination throughout life to prevent pertussis infection and its transmission, especially in adults aged ≥50 years.

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Section: Europementioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Europementioning

confidence: 99%

The burden of pertussis in older adults: what is the role of vaccination? A systematic literature review

Kandeil

Atanasov²,

Avramioti³

et al. 2019

Expert Review of Vaccines

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“…As such, in contrast to the healthcare, social and economic benefits achieved with childhood vaccination [22], the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in adults, in terms of morbidity, mortality and direct and indirect economic costs remains high [11,[31][32][33]. In the US, it has been estimated that 99% of all deaths due to vaccine-preventable diseases occur in the adult population, with about 40,000-90,000 deaths each year.…”

Section: Healthy Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in adult vaccination

2018

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Life-long primary prevention interventions beginning and continuing throughout an individual's lifetime are increasingly seen as key to meeting the global healthcare challenges that accompany demographic changes - a concept referred to as "Healthy aging". In this perspective, vaccination is seen as part of a triad, together with healthy diet and exercise. Current adult vaccine coverage is lower than target vaccination rates in most developed countries, and so vaccine preventable diseases continue to present a substantial burden on health and healthcare resources, especially in older individuals. In part, this is due to lack of knowledge and understanding of the benefits of vaccination, inconsistent recommendations by providers and uncertainties about cost benefits. However, lower vaccine effectiveness in older adults plays a part, and new vaccines with novel characteristics to improve effectiveness in older adults are required. A life-course immunization approach to ensure optimal vaccine uptake across adults of all ages can be expected to reduce morbidity and mortality in later life. To achieve this, greater emphasis on public and healthcare provider education is necessary, based on appropriate economic analyses that demonstrate the overall value of vaccination. This article introduces the technical, economic, political and demographic issues that make establishing effective adult vaccination programs such a difficult, but pressing issue, and outlines some of the steps that are now being taken to address them. Key messages Life-long preventive activities that start and continue throughout life are essential, especially as the world's population is "getting older". This "Healthy aging" approach includes not only healthy diet and physical exercise; vaccination is critical in reducing some infectious diseases and their complications. Many adults, especially older adults (who have lower immunity than younger people) develop infections such as influenza and shingles that could potentially be prevented through vaccination. This review provides a perspective on the challenges in delivering a life-course immunization program. While some vaccines are less effective in older people, newer vaccines have been developed which provide stronger and longer protection in older patients than standard existing vaccines. However, the benefits of vaccination can only be realized if the vaccines are recommended and used. For that purpose, greater education of patients and their healthcare providers is necessary. Better knowledge of vaccines and making sure that all adults are up to date with all their recommended vaccines is an essential part of "Healthy aging". This should prevent not only vaccine-preventable diseases but also reduce the risk of complications in later life.

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“…5 Furthermore, several data highlighted the costeffectiveness of influenza and pneumococcal prevention as well as the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. 6 Among adults, it is necessary to identify groups at increased risk of vaccine preventable diseases and highlight the epidemiological impact and benefits of vaccinations using an evidencebased approach. This document provides clinical practice guidance on immunization for adults to provide recommendations for decision makers and healthcare workers in Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommended immunization schedules for adults: Clinical practice guidelines by the Escmid Vaccine Study Group (EVASG), European Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS) and the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid)

Esposito

Bonanni

Maggi

et al. 2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Rapid population aging has become a major challenge in the industrialized world and progressive aging is a key reason for making improvement in vaccination a cornerstone of public health strategy. An increase in age-related disorders and conditions is likely to be seen in the near future, and these are risk factors for the occurrence of a number of vaccine-preventable diseases. An improvement in infectious diseases prevention specifically aimed at adults and the elderly can therefore also decrease the burden of these chronic conditions by reducing morbidity, disability, hospital admissions, health costs, mortality rates and, perhaps most importantly, by improving the quality of life. Among adults, it is necessary to identify groups at increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases and highlight the epidemiological impact and benefits of vaccinations using an evidence-based approach. This document provides clinical practice guidance on immunization for adults in order to provide recommendations for decision makers and healthcare workers in Europe. Although immunization is considered one of the most impactful and cost-effective public health measures that can be undertaken, vaccination coverage rates among adults are largely lower than the stated goal of 95% among adults, and stronger efforts are needed to increase coverage in this population. Active surveillance of adult vaccine-preventable diseases, determining the effectiveness of the vaccines approved for marketing in the last 5 y, the efficacy and safety of vaccines in immunocompromised patients, as well as in pregnant women, represent the priorities for future research.

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Burden of four vaccine preventable diseases in older adults

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

The burden of pertussis in older adults: what is the role of vaccination? A systematic literature review

The burden of pertussis in older adults: what is the role of vaccination? A systematic literature review

Challenges in adult vaccination

Recommended immunization schedules for adults: Clinical practice guidelines by the Escmid Vaccine Study Group (EVASG), European Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS) and the World Association for Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders (WAidid)

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