Burden of major depressive disorder and quality of life among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in urban bangladesh

Naheed, Aliya; Islam, Saimul; Hossain, Saima Wazed; Ahmed, Helal Uddin; Uddin, Mohammed; Tofail, Fahmida; Hamadani, Jena Derakhshani; Hussain, Anower; Münir, Kerim

doi:10.1002/aur.2227

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…When analyzing the primary caregivers of children with autism, the statistical results showed that the primary caregiver of 135 children with autism out of 171 respondents was the mother, accounting for 78.9% of the total. It's consistent with the previous studies (Samadi et al, 2014;Naheed et al, 2020;Hu et al, 2020). It is evident that mothers are still the primary caregivers of children with autism.…”

Section: Mother As the Primary Caregiver For Children With Autismsupporting

confidence: 93%

Parents' perceptions of autism and their challenges in China

Xiao

Cui

et al. 2022

Adv Dev Educ Psychol

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and restricted or repetitive behaviors. Parents play a significant role in research, clinical practice and policy development on autism. Parents' perceptions of autism can affect not only their own well-being, but also their children's development. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the parents’ perception of autism in Chinese context. The parents’ perception of autism questionnaire was applied to collect information from 171 families of children with ASD, mainly to investigate the knowledge of autistic children and the difficulties the family facing. The following conclusions were drawn from this study: (1) Mother as the primary caregiver for children with ASD; (2) Parents’ perception of ASD were various parents of autistic children have a good understanding of the symptoms, causes, age of onset and interventions, and their expectations of the prognosis and the future life of their autistic children are high; (3) The difficulties that faced by the parents are mainly composed of low social acceptance, family pressure and concerns about the effectiveness of interventions for their children. In consideration of the future development of children with autism and the mental health development of their parents, it is particularly crucial to support their parents with multifaceted support.

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Section: Mother As the Primary Caregiver For Children With Autismsupporting

confidence: 93%

Parents' perceptions of autism and their challenges in China

Xiao

Cui

et al. 2022

Adv Dev Educ Psychol

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“…In this study, the WeChat-based parenting training that was targeted at mothers with children with autism had statistically significant impacts on anxiety and depression levels, which is consistent with previous studies' findings [20,33]. Several studies reported that anxiety and depression levels among mothers with children with autism were higher than among mothers with neurotypical children [34][35][36]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the public felt anxiety, depression, despair, and many other emotional reactions [37].…”

Section: Effects Of the Wechat-based Parenting Trainingsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Efficacy of WeChat-Based Parenting Training on the Psychological Well-being of Mothers With Children With Autism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quasi-Experimental Study (Preprint)

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Liao³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, special education schools for children in most areas of China were closed between the end of January and the beginning of June in 2020. The sudden interruptions of schooling and the pandemic itself caused parents to be anxious and to even panic. Mobile parenting skills education has been proved to be an effective method in improving the psychological well-being of mothers with autistic children. However, whether it can improve the psychological states of mothers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is an urgent subject to be investigated. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of WeChat-based parenting training (WBPT) on anxiety, depression, parenting stress, and hope for mothers with autistic children as well as the feasibility of the program during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental trial. A total of 125 mothers with preschool autistic children were recruited in January 2020. The participants were assigned into the control group (n=60), receiving routine care, or the intervention group (n=65), receiving the 12-week WBPT plus routine care according to their preferences. Anxiety, depression, parenting stress, hope, satisfaction, and adherence to the intervention were measured at three timepoints: the baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and 20 weeks follow-up (T2). RESULTS One hundred and nine mothers completed the T1 assessment and 104 mothers completed the T2 assessment. The results of the linear mixed model analysis showed statistically significant group*time interaction effects for the intervention on anxiety (F=11.520, P<.001), depression (F=19.850, P<.001), parenting stress (F=76.725, P<.001), and hope (F=198.866, P<.001). Of all mothers in the intervention group, 90.4% reported that they were extremely satisfied with the WBPT. In total, 40.0% kept the logging recordings for home training each week and 61.5% kept more than 80% for all 20 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The WBPT is acceptable and appears to be an effective approach for reducing anxiety, depression, and parenting stress and increasing hope in mothers with autistic children during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies with rigorous designs and longer follow-up periods are needed to further detect the effectiveness of the WBPT. CLINICALTRIAL Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000031772; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=52165.

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“…The two selected schools would have at least 100-150 children with ASD registered in a given year. On the basis of the previous study findings, we anticipate that about 26% mothers would be diagnosed as having MDE, and we would find a total of 52 to 78 mother-child pairs from two schools for study recruitment [ 15 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2015, Naheed and colleagues at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) estimated that 45% of the mothers of ASD children and adolescents aged 3-17 years, who were enrolled in a special school for ASD, had suffered an episode of major depressive disorder (MDD), half of whom reported a current major depressive episode (MDE) [ 15 , 16 ]. Remarkably, most mothers (70%) had a college degree or a higher level of education [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, within the mental health departments at the teaching hospitals and specialty hospitals such as the National Mental Health Institute, Bangladesh, many mothers of children with ASD do not prefer receiving care at a mental health facility due to their fear of stigmatization coupled with lack of anticipated support for them in the hospital environment ( personal communication with Aliya Naheed, June 2015 ). Indeed, the ASD care programs in Bangladesh are largely limited to institutions based mostly in urban areas [ 15 , 19 ]. These services often are not geared to address the needs of the mothers in caring for their children at home and do not provide any long-term rehabilitation guidance for families.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing a Mental Health Care Program and Home-Based Training for Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Urban Population in Bangladesh: Protocol for a Feasibility Assessment Study

Naheed¹,

Koly²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2017

JMIR Res Protoc

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BackgroundMothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reported a higher level of depression than mothers of children with other neurodevelopmental disorders in both developed and developing countries. Mothers are the lifetime caregivers of children with ASD, and a high burden of depression can negatively impact their ability to provide care. However, access to mental health services in primary care is limited, given the scarcity of qualified providers in Bangladesh.ObjectiveWe aim to pilot the feasibility of integrating mental health services for the mothers of children with ASD attending schools offering ASD care and improve skills of mothers for child care through a home-based training program.MethodsThe study will be conducted in two selected schools in Dhaka in Bangladesh that have been offering services for ASD for more than 10 years. A female psychologist will be deployed at the schools to offer nonpharmacological services for all mothers having a depressive episode. Referral for pharmacological treatment will be made at the discretion of supervising psychiatrists. An ASD special educator will provide training to the mothers for enhancing their child care skills at home on a monthly basis. The proposed intervention package will be implemented over a period of 4-6 months, and the feasibility of the intervention will be assessed through a pre- and postintervention evaluation by obtaining the perspectives of various stakeholders involved in the implementation of mental health services and maternal training. The primary outcome will include assessment of acceptability, adaptability, demand, practicality, implementation, and integration of the package intervention in the school settings. The secondary outcomes will include assessment of: 1) the prevalence of maternal depression; 2) children’s behavioral, social, and communication skills; and 3) the intervention participation costs incurred by institutions and families.ResultsBetween February and March 2017, 188 mothers of children with ASD were screened for depression following a written informed consent. Based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV (SCID-1) was administered to 66 mothers. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 mothers and 8 various stakeholders. Between January-June 2017, the team finalized a draft psychosocial counseling module and a maternal training module. Between April-May 2017, mental health services were provided by psychologists to 41 mothers who attended the counseling centers at each school. Three special educators have been trained in June 2017 to initiate training of the participating mothers.ConclusionsThis is the first study of a mental health intervention for mothers of children with ASD to reduce their burden of depression and improve the outcomes of their children. The findings will inform the provision of services for children with ASD and their mothers in Bangladesh and similar settings.

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Burden of major depressive disorder and quality of life among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in urban bangladesh

Cited by 22 publications

References 65 publications

Parents' perceptions of autism and their challenges in China

Parents' perceptions of autism and their challenges in China

The Efficacy of WeChat-Based Parenting Training on the Psychological Well-being of Mothers With Children With Autism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quasi-Experimental Study (Preprint)

Implementing a Mental Health Care Program and Home-Based Training for Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Urban Population in Bangladesh: Protocol for a Feasibility Assessment Study

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